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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the disintegration of the cell by its own hydrolytic enzymes liberated from lysosomes?
What is the term for the disintegration of the cell by its own hydrolytic enzymes liberated from lysosomes?
Which type of necrosis is characterized by the formation of a gel-like substance in dead tissues as a result of protein denaturation?
Which type of necrosis is characterized by the formation of a gel-like substance in dead tissues as a result of protein denaturation?
What essential changes characterize irreversible cell injury in necrosis?
What essential changes characterize irreversible cell injury in necrosis?
Which type of necrosis is associated with foci that are pale, firm, and slightly swollen in the early stage?
Which type of necrosis is associated with foci that are pale, firm, and slightly swollen in the early stage?
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What is the term for the end of life (somatic death) following irreversible injury at a cellular level?
What is the term for the end of life (somatic death) following irreversible injury at a cellular level?
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Which term refers to the condensation of nuclear chromatin and its dissolution or fragmentation in irreversible cell injury?
Which term refers to the condensation of nuclear chromatin and its dissolution or fragmentation in irreversible cell injury?
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What is the characteristic feature of caseous necrosis?
What is the characteristic feature of caseous necrosis?
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Which type of necrosis is found in the center of foci of tuberculous infections?
Which type of necrosis is found in the center of foci of tuberculous infections?
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What is the characteristic appearance of fat necrosis?
What is the characteristic appearance of fat necrosis?
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Which type of necrosis results in the formation of a cyst wall later?
Which type of necrosis results in the formation of a cyst wall later?
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What is the main cause of fibrinoid necrosis?
What is the main cause of fibrinoid necrosis?
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Which type of necrosis results in the deposition of fibrin-like material in the vessel wall?
Which type of necrosis results in the deposition of fibrin-like material in the vessel wall?
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What occurs due to rupture of the blood vessel in fibrinoid necrosis?
What occurs due to rupture of the blood vessel in fibrinoid necrosis?
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What occurs due to the degradation of tissue by the action of powerful hydrolytic enzymes?
What occurs due to the degradation of tissue by the action of powerful hydrolytic enzymes?
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What is the gross appearance of tissue affected by gangrene?
What is the gross appearance of tissue affected by gangrene?
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Which type of cells are phagocytosed in colliquative necrosis?
Which type of cells are phagocytosed in colliquative necrosis?
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Study Notes
Cellular Self-Destruction
- Autolysis is the disintegration of a cell by its own hydrolytic enzymes liberated from lysosomes.
Types of Necrosis
- Coagulative necrosis is characterized by the formation of a gel-like substance in dead tissues due to protein denaturation.
- Caseous necrosis is characterized by the formation of a cheesy, white, and friable debris. It's often associated with tuberculous infections.
- Fat necrosis is characterized by the release of lipases from injured cells, which hydrolyze triglycerides into fatty acids. The fatty acids react with calcium and other salts to form chalky white deposits.
- Liquefactive necrosis is characterized by the dissolution of tissue by lysosomal enzymes. The affected area becomes soft, liquefied, and cyst-like. It is often associated with bacterial infections.
- Gangrenous necrosis is a form of coagulative necrosis, often affecting the extremities. It can be further subdivided into dry gangrene (caused by ischemia) and wet gangrene (caused by bacteria).
- Fibrinoid necrosis is characterized by the deposition of fibrin-like material in the vessel wall, usually due to immune-mediated vascular injury. The fibrinoid deposit has a bright pink, homogenous appearance on microscopy.
- Colliquative necrosis is a form of liquefactive necrosis that affects the central nervous system.
Irreversible Cell Injury
- Karyorrhexis refers to the fragmentation of the nucleus in irreversible cell injury.
- Karyolysis refers to the complete dissolution of the nucleus due to enzymatic degradation.
- Somatic death is the cessation of all vital functions, including cellular activity.
Necrosis Features
- Caseous necrosis has a characteristic cheesy, white, and friable appearance.
- Fat necrosis is characterized by chalky white deposits due to the reaction of fatty acids with calcium and other salts.
- Liquefactive necrosis results in the formation of a cyst wall which may contain liquid debris.
- Fibrinoid necrosis is often associated with immune-mediated vascular injury and results in vessel wall thickening and luminal narrowing.
- Gangrene has a dark, dry, and shriveled appearance in dry gangrene, while wet gangrene presents with a moist, swollen, and foul-smelling tissue.
- Colliquative necrosis involves the phagocytosis of dead cells by neutrophils.
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Description
Test your knowledge about irreversible cell injury, cell death, and the different forms it can take, including autolysis, necrosis, apoptosis, gangrene, and pathologic calcification. Explore the concepts related to irreversible cellular damage and its implications.
