18 Questions
What is the consequence of the activation of the complement system in ischemia-reperfusion injury?
Generation of byproducts that exacerbate cell injury and inflammation
What type of cell death can occur as a result of free radical-mediated cell injury?
Necrosis, apoptosis, or necroptosis
How do infiltrating leukocytes contribute to tissue damage in ischemic injury?
By generating ROS that damage vulnerable cells
What is a characteristic of free radicals?
They have a single unpaired electron in an outer orbit
What is a consequence of reperfusion in ischemic injury?
Increased influx of leukocytes and plasma proteins
What type of molecules are free radicals?
Chemical species with a single unpaired electron
What is the primary form of cell death caused by hypoxia?
Necrosis
What happens to the heart muscle within 60 seconds of coronary occlusion?
It ceases to contract
What is the term for the process by which the restoration of blood flow to ischemic but viable tissues results in increased cell injury?
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
What may be generated by injured cells with damaged mitochondria during reoxygenation, exacerbating cell injury?
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
What may be compromised by ischemia, exacerbating the generation of ROS during reoxygenation?
Cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms
What type of injury may contribute significantly to tissue damage, especially after myocardial and cerebral ischemia?
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
What is the primary factor that determines the outcome of an injurious stimulus on a cell?
Type of cell injured
A glycogen-depleted hepatocyte exposed to ischemia would be expected to
Die faster than a glycogen-replete hepatocyte
What is the primary reason why cardiac muscle is more susceptible to ischemic injury than skeletal muscle?
Cardiac muscle has a higher energy demand
Individuals with genetic variations in cytochrome P-450 would be expected to
Catabolize toxins at different rates
What is the consequence of a brief period of ischemia on a cell?
Reversible cell injury
What is the primary factor that determines the response to an injurious stimulus in a cell?
Type of cell injured
This quiz covers the effects of hypoxia and ischemia on cell death, including necrosis and apoptosis. It also discusses the consequences of ATP depletion and its impact on the heart muscle.
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