Cell Cytoplasm and Organelles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which organelle is responsible for the production of ribosomes?

Nucleolus (correct)

Nucleus

Chromatids

Chromosomes

What is the purpose of the nuclear envelope?

To provide structural support to the nucleus

To protect the nucleus from external damage

To store genetic information

To regulate the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus (correct)

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

G1 phase

G2 phase

M phase

S phase (correct)

What is the purpose of mitosis?

To produce two identical daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a component of a chromosome?

Kinetochore Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are found in each somatic cell?

46 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the nucleolus?

To produce ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condensed, individually visible bodies of DNA found only during cell division?

Chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cytokinesis?

To divide the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the nuclear envelope's pores?

To regulate the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of centrosomes?

Microtubule organizing center Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of microfilaments?

Actin subunits Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of intermediate filaments?

Securing organelles in place Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitochondria?

ATP synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Site of protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Sorting, modifying, packaging, and delivering proteins and lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lysosomes?

Digesting bacteria and old/damaged organelles and cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the cytosol?

Gel-like intracellular fluid (ICF) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of microtubules?

Tubulin Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis, the reduction in chromosome number from 2n to 1n occurs in which stage?

Anaphase I Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of meiosis is characterized by the formation of tetrads and crossing over?

Prophase I Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of meiosis is characterized by the random segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes towards opposite poles of the cell?

Anaphase I Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of meiosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?

Anaphase II Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis II, what happens in metaphase II?

The chromosomes line up at the cell equator Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of meiosis II?

One polar body Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that triggers the completion of meiosis II in the ovum?

Fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis?

To increase genetic diversity of offspring Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?

Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, while meiosis II separates sister chromatids Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis?

To produce genetically distinct gametes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Components and Functions

The nucleolus is responsible for the production of ribosomes.
The nuclear envelope's purpose is to regulate the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus.
The nuclear envelope's pores allow for the exchange of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Cell Cycle and Mitosis

DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
The purpose of mitosis is to produce two daughter cells with identical genetic material.
Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis, which separates the cytoplasm and forms two daughter cells.

Chromosomes and Chromatin

Chromosomes are composed of DNA, histone proteins, and other non-histone proteins.
The nucleolus is responsible for the assembly of ribosomes.
Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes during cell division.
Chromatin is composed of DNA and histone proteins.
A somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes.

Protein Synthesis

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is involved in protein synthesis and transport.

Cytoskeleton

Centrosomes are responsible for the formation of cilia and flagella, as well as the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
Microfilaments are composed of actin proteins and are involved in muscle contraction and cell movement.
Intermediate filaments are composed of keratin proteins and provide structural support and shape to cells.
Microtubules are composed of tubulin proteins and are involved in the formation of cilia and flagella, as well as the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

Organelles and Functions

Mitochondria are responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
The Golgi apparatus is involved in protein modification and transport.
Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste and foreign substances.
The cytosol is composed of water, salts, sugars, and various organelles.

Meiosis

During meiosis, the reduction in chromosome number from 2n to 1n occurs in meiosis I.
Meiosis I is characterized by the formation of tetrads and crossing over.
Meiosis II is characterized by the random segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes towards opposite poles of the cell.
Meiosis II is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids.
During meiosis II, metaphase II is characterized by the alignment of sister chromatids at the center of the cell.
The result of meiosis II is the formation of four haploid cells.
The process that triggers the completion of meiosis II in the ovum is fertilization.
The purpose of crossing over during meiosis is to increase genetic diversity.
The difference between meiosis I and meiosis II is that meiosis I involves the separation of homologous chromosomes, while meiosis II involves the separation of sister chromatids.
The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes with unique genetic combinations.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the cell's cytoplasm and organelles in this quiz. Learn about the composition of the cytosol and the functions of various organelles.