Cell Biology Short Answer Quiz

Study Notes

Semiautonomous organelle in the cell is a mitochondrion.
An example of a B-adrenergic receptor is a type of G protein-coupled receptor.
Major membrane lipids are phospholipids and cholesterol.
Endoplasmic reticulum involved in lipid synthesis is the smooth ER.
Cyclin concentration varies during the cell cycle (Yes).
Fibers in the cytoskeleton that move chromosomes are microtubules.
The oxidative phosphorylation enzyme is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (True).
Microorganism without a cell wall is Mycoplasma.
If a cell has 24 chromatids, there will be 12 chromosomes at each pole after anaphase.
G protein-coupled receptors are also known as 7TM receptors.

One negative regulator of Cdc-20 is APC (Anaphase promoting complex).
The difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum: Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, while rough ER has ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis.
Lysosomes are called the "cleaners" of the cell. They are organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes to break down cellular waste.
Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for cellular respiration.
The main structures of the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, nucleolus, and chromatin.
Differences between animal and bacterial cells: Animal cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; bacterial cells do not.
Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, important for development and tissue homeostasis.

Typical animal cell structure: Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and various organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, etc.).
Rough and smooth ER organization: Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and involved in lipid metabolism.
Capsule's functions in bacterial morphology: Protect the bacteria from attack, prevents desiccation and helps in attachment to surfaces.
Functions of prokaryotic cells: Metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli.
Cell cycle: Series of events in a cell's life leading to cell division. Stages like G1, S, G2, M.
Role of p53 in cell cycle: Tumor suppressor protein, regulates cell cycle progression and initiates apoptosis in damaged cells.
Nucleus in protein synthesis: Holds the genetic code (DNA) and regulates protein production through transcription and translation.