Cell Cycle: Interphase and Mitosis
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Questions and Answers

What occurs during the G1 stage of interphase?

  • Preparation for mitosis
  • DNA replication
  • Cytoplasmic division
  • Cell growth (correct)

    • Which phase is characterized by DNA and centrosome replication?

  • G2 Phase
  • S Phase (correct)
  • G1 Phase
  • M Phase

    • What is the role of the G0 Phase in interphase?

  • It acts as a resting phase. (correct)
  • It allows for DNA repair.
  • It increases mitosis rate.
  • It prepares the cell for cytokinesis.

    • What is a key feature of mitosis?

    <p>It helps in healing and repairing tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about meiosis is correct?

    <p>It ensures genetic diversity in gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for mitosis?

    <p>G2 Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following conditions may the cell enter the G0 Phase?

    <p>Nutritional deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes meiosis from mitosis?

    <p>Mitosis involves one round of cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of meiosis?

    <p>Four genetically different cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of meiosis is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Anaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What helps hold sister chromatids together at the centromere during prophase?

    <p>Cohesin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage does the nucleolus disappear?

    <p>Mid prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs to produce two identical nuclei in mitosis?

    <p>Chromosome segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microtubules in prophase?

    <p>To help develop the mitotic spindle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins assist in the condensation of chromosomes during early prophase?

    <p>Cohesin and condensin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the beginning of the prometaphase stage?

    <p>The breakdown of the nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microtubules during metaphase?

    <p>They align the chromosomes at the metaphase plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which checkpoint occurs before anaphase during metaphase?

    <p>Spindle checkpoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature binds microtubules to chromosomes during metaphase?

    <p>Kinetochore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stages do chromosomes condense and prepare for alignment?

    <p>Prophase and prometaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the chromosomes during the metaphase stage of cell division?

    <p>They align at the metaphase plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the nuclear envelope prior to metaphase?

    <p>It breaks down, releasing the chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microtubules directly interact with chromosomes during metaphase?

    <p>Kinetochore microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the metaphase plate?

    <p>It is an imaginary plane where chromosomes align.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase?

    <p>They are divided into two identical, independent chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do microtubules play during anaphase?

    <p>They form the mitotic spindle to separate chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which checkpoint must the cell pass before anaphase can begin?

    <p>Spindle formation checkpoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the chromosomes aligned before anaphase begins?

    <p>Along the cell's equator on the metaphase plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the structure responsible for pulling chromatids to opposite ends during anaphase?

    <p>Mitotic spindle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the anaphase process in cell division?

    <p>It ensures equal distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT associated with mitotic anaphase?

    <p>Nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the centromeres during anaphase?

    <p>They break apart allowing chromatids to separate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during anaphase in mitosis?

    <p>The sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In meiosis, what happens in anaphase 1?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes separate and move towards the poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes telophase in animal cells?

    <p>Chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure forms during cytokinesis in animal cells?

    <p>Cleavage furrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During telophase in plant cells, what structure forms in the center of the cell?

    <p>Cell plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of cytokinesis following telophase?

    <p>Two identical daughter cells are formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between anaphase 1 and anaphase 2 in meiosis?

    <p>In anaphase 1, sister chromatids separate; in anaphase 2, homologous chromosomes separate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do chromosomes behave during telophase?

    <p>They uncoil and form chromatin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Cycle: Interphase

    • Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle, a period of active growth and function for the cell.
    • During interphase, the cell absorbs nutrients, produces and utilizes proteins, and prepares for cell division by replicating its DNA.
    • Interphase has three main stages: G1, S, and G2.
    • The G0 phase is a special stage within interphase; cells may or may not enter it. This is determined by internal and external factors, such as resource availability and nutritional status.

    Interphase Stages

    • G1 (Gap 1) phase: The cell grows in size. DNA is not duplicated in this stage.
    • S (Synthesis) phase: The cell's DNA and centrosomes are replicated.
    • G2 (Gap 2) phase: The cell grows larger and prepares for mitosis (cell division). The cell also double-checks the duplicated chromosomes for errors.

    Mitosis

    • Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells. It is used for growth, repair, and development of the body.
    • Mitosis occurs in somatic cells (body cells).

    Mitosis Stages (detailed)

    • Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible; the nuclear envelope begins to break down; the mitotic spindle forms.
    • Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate (an imaginary line in the middle of the cell).
    • Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
    • Telophase: Chromosomes decondense; the nuclear envelope reforms; the mitotic spindle breaks down.
    • Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate daughter cells.

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    Mitosis, Meiosis, and Cell Cycle PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the key concepts of the cell cycle, focusing on the interphase stages: G1, S, and G2. Additionally, it explores the process of mitosis, highlighting its role in growth and development. Test your knowledge about this fundamental biological process!

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