Cell Cycle: Interphase and Mitosis

The longest phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for division.

The first gap phase of interphase; cell growth.

Synthesis phase of interphase; DNA replication.

The second gap phase of interphase; Cell growth and final preparations for division.

A resting phase within interphase where the cell may or may not enter, depending on factors like resources.

The phase of the cell cycle where cell division (mitosis or meiosis) occurs.

A type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells.

A type of cell division that produces gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes.

Microtubules that attach to chromosomes at the kinetochore.

Microtubules that extend from one spindle pole to the other, helping to push and pull.

Microtubules that radiate from the spindle poles, assisting in positioning.

An imaginary plane where chromosomes line up during metaphase.

A cell's check to ensure all chromosomes are correctly attached before division.

A protein patch on each sister chromatid for microtubule attachment.

Structure of microtubules that separates chromosomes during mitosis.

A cell division process where a single cell divides twice to create four cells with half the original genetic material.

Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, meiosis I and meiosis II, each with four sub-stages.

The longest phase of mitosis, marked by chromosome condensation and spindle formation.

Sister chromatids are joined at the centromere and held by binding proteins (cohesin and condensin).

Nucleolus disappears and microtubules start forming the mitotic spindle.

Nucleoli break down, spindle fibers reach chromosomes, and cell energy is focused on division.

Identical copies of a chromosome that are held together.

The region where sister chromatids connect.

The stage in mitosis where sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by shrinking kinetochore spindle fibers.

The first anaphase in meiosis where homologous chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

The second anaphase in meiosis where sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

The final stage of mitosis where the cell finishes dividing and begins to rebuild its normal structure.

During telophase in animal cells, chromosomes uncoil, nuclei form around them, and cytokinesis occurs with a cleavage furrow pinching the cell into two.

During telophase in plant cells, chromosomes uncoil, nuclei form, and cytokinesis occurs with a cell plate forming in the middle and growing outwards to divide the cell.

The division of the cytoplasm of a cell during telophase, resulting in two daughter cells.

The fourth stage of mitosis where duplicated chromosomes are split and pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell.

The specific DNA region where sister chromatids are joined and where spindle fibers attach.

A structure made of microtubules that attach to centromeres and pull sister chromatids apart during anaphase.

Each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes, ensuring the genetic material is equally distributed.

Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the center; Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

The cell elongates as the chromosomes move to opposite poles, preparing for the eventual division.

Anaphase is followed by telophase, where the cell divides into two daughter cells, each with its own nucleus.