Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?
What is the main function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?
- Condensation of chromatin
- Separation of chromosomes
- Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication (correct)
- DNA replication
Which phase follows the S phase in the cell cycle?
Which phase follows the S phase in the cell cycle?
- G2 Phase (correct)
- G1 Phase
- Mitosis
- Prophase
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate?
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate?
- Telophase
- Anaphase (correct)
- Prophase
- Metaphase
What structure is primarily responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division?
What structure is primarily responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division?
Which of the following describes a chromatid?
Which of the following describes a chromatid?
Flashcards
Cell Cycle Phases
Cell Cycle Phases
The ordered series of events in a cell's life, including interphase (G1, S, G2) and the mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis).
Chromosome
Chromosome
A thread-like structure of DNA and protein that carries genetic information.
Chromatid
Chromatid
One half of a duplicated chromosome.
Centromere
Centromere
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Spindle apparatus
Spindle apparatus
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Study Notes
Cell Cycle
- The cell cycle is a series of events that a cell goes through as it grows and divides.
- It consists of interphase and the mitotic phase.
Interphase
- Interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle.
- It is divided into three phases: G1, S, and G2.
- During G1 (gap 1), the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins.
- During S (synthesis), DNA replication occurs, creating two identical sets of chromosomes.
- During G2 (gap 2), the cell continues to grow and prepares for division.
Mitotic Phase
- The mitotic phase is the division phase of the cell cycle.
- It includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
- Mitosis is the division of the nucleus and its contents.
- Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.
- Mitosis has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Mitosis Stages
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle apparatus forms.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate, which is the middle of the cell.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase: Chromosomes decondense, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the spindle apparatus disappears.
Cytokinesis
- Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.
- In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms and pinches the cell in two.
- In plant cells, a cell plate forms and grows to separate the two daughter cells.
Meiosis
- Meiosis is a type of cell division in which a single cell divides twice to produce four daughter cells.
- These four daughter cells contain half the number of chromosomes of the original cell.
- Meiosis is important for sexual reproduction.
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