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Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between benign and malignant tumors?
What is the primary difference between benign and malignant tumors?
Benign tumors remain at their original site and can be surgically removed, while malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream.
How do malignant tumor cells facilitate their own growth?
How do malignant tumor cells facilitate their own growth?
Malignant tumor cells release signals that stimulate the production of new blood vessels to supply the tumor with food and oxygen.
What role does metastasis play in cancer progression?
What role does metastasis play in cancer progression?
Metastasis involves the spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body, potentially forming new tumors.
What role does mitosis regulation play in the development of cancer cells?
What role does mitosis regulation play in the development of cancer cells?
Describe the typical treatment approach following the removal of a malignant tumor.
Describe the typical treatment approach following the removal of a malignant tumor.
What mechanism allows malignant tumor cells to escape into the bloodstream?
What mechanism allows malignant tumor cells to escape into the bloodstream?
What is the transformation process of a normal cell into a cancer cell called?
What is the transformation process of a normal cell into a cancer cell called?
How does a single cell disregard the regulation of mitosis?
How does a single cell disregard the regulation of mitosis?
What is one consequence of the failure of mitosis regulation in cells?
What is one consequence of the failure of mitosis regulation in cells?
What factors may contribute to a cell's transformation into a cancer cell?
What factors may contribute to a cell's transformation into a cancer cell?
What role do DNA mutations play in the formation of cancer cells?
What role do DNA mutations play in the formation of cancer cells?
Identify a key factor that contributes to the development of tumors.
Identify a key factor that contributes to the development of tumors.
Explain how genetic mutations influence tumor formation.
Explain how genetic mutations influence tumor formation.
What genes are typically implicated in the mutation process leading to cancer?
What genes are typically implicated in the mutation process leading to cancer?
Describe the transformation from a normal cell to a cancer cell.
Describe the transformation from a normal cell to a cancer cell.
What phases comprise the interphase of the cell cycle?
What phases comprise the interphase of the cell cycle?
What key events occur during prophase of mitosis?
What key events occur during prophase of mitosis?
How do chromosomes align during metaphase?
How do chromosomes align during metaphase?
What happens to chromosomes during anaphase?
What happens to chromosomes during anaphase?
Describe the process of cytokinesis in animal cells.
Describe the process of cytokinesis in animal cells.
What is the main difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?
What is the main difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?
What is the definition of cancer in relation to cell division?
What is the definition of cancer in relation to cell division?
How do stem cells differ from differentiated cells?
How do stem cells differ from differentiated cells?
Flashcards
Cancer
Cancer
A disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth and division due to errors in the regulation of mitosis.
Mitosis
Mitosis
The process of cell division that creates two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.
Mitosis Regulation
Mitosis Regulation
The mechanisms that control the timing and accuracy of cell division in mitosis, ensuring normal cell growth.
Cell Transformation
Cell Transformation
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Cancer Cell
Cancer Cell
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DNA mutation
DNA mutation
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Tumor
Tumor
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Normal cell
Normal cell
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Cancer development
Cancer development
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Tumor Growth
Tumor Growth
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Benign Tumor
Benign Tumor
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Malignant Tumor
Malignant Tumor
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Metastasis
Metastasis
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Tumor Removal
Tumor Removal
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Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle
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Interphase
Interphase
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Prophase
Prophase
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Metaphase
Metaphase
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Anaphase
Anaphase
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Telophase
Telophase
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Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
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Study Notes
Cell Cycle and Mitosis
- The cell cycle consists of several phases: G1, S, and G2 phases
- G1 phase: Basic cell growth
- S phase: DNA synthesis begins; cycle typically completes
- G2 phase: Cell prepares for mitosis
Mitosis
- Mitosis is a process of cell division.
- It comprises four key phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Prophase
- Chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope.
- The nuclear membrane breaks down.
- Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Spindles attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
Metaphase
- Chromosomes align along the middle of the cell.
- Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome.
Anaphase
- Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
- Centromeres divide.
- Spindle fibers pull the chromosomes.
Telophase
- Nuclear membranes reform around the separated chromosomes.
- Chromosomes begin to decondense/uncoil.
- The cell prepares for division.
- Spindles disintegrate.
- Nucleolus is visible again
Cytokinesis
- This is the process that completes cell division.
- In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches inward, forming a cleavage furrow.
- In plant cells, a cell plate forms between the two nuclei.
Mitosis vs Cell Division
- Mitosis is the process of nuclear division.
- Cytokinesis is the process of cytoplasmic division.
- Mitosis alone does not result in two separate cells; Cytokinesis completes the process and divides the cell into separate cells.
Cancer
- Cancer is a disease of mitosis.
- Cancer cells escape the normal controls on cell division.
- Cancer cells can divide even if signals to stop are received.
- The uncontrolled cell division forms tumors.
- Tumors can be benign or malignant.
- Benign tumors remain at the original site and are usually surgically removed.
- Malignant tumors can invade other tissues and produce new tumors (metastasis).
- Malignant tumors are treated with surgery and often followed by radiation therapy and /or chemotherapy.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the cell cycle and mitosis phases! This quiz covers the G1, S, G2 phases, as well as the detailed stages of mitosis including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Sharpen your understanding of cell division processes through this informative quiz.