Cell Cycle and Mitosis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Benign tumors remain at their original site and can be surgically removed, while malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream.

How do malignant tumor cells facilitate their own growth?

Malignant tumor cells release signals that stimulate the production of new blood vessels to supply the tumor with food and oxygen.

What role does metastasis play in cancer progression?

Metastasis involves the spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body, potentially forming new tumors.

What role does mitosis regulation play in the development of cancer cells?

<p>Mitosis regulation prevents uncontrolled cell division, and when this regulation is ignored, normal cells can transform into cancer cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the typical treatment approach following the removal of a malignant tumor.

<p>After surgically removing a malignant tumor, treatments usually include radiation therapy and chemotherapy to eliminate any remaining cancer cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism allows malignant tumor cells to escape into the bloodstream?

<p>Malignant tumor cells send out signals that promote the formation of new blood vessels, allowing them to enter the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the transformation process of a normal cell into a cancer cell called?

<p>The transformation process is called oncogenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a single cell disregard the regulation of mitosis?

<p>A single cell disregards mitosis regulation by acquiring mutations or changes that enable it to bypass the normal regulatory signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of the failure of mitosis regulation in cells?

<p>One consequence is the formation of tumors due to the abnormal proliferation of cancer cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors may contribute to a cell's transformation into a cancer cell?

<p>Factors include genetic mutations, exposure to carcinogens, and disruptions in cell signaling pathways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do DNA mutations play in the formation of cancer cells?

<p>DNA mutations disrupt normal cellular function, potentially converting a normal cell into a cancer cell by affecting crucial genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify a key factor that contributes to the development of tumors.

<p>Tumors develop when abnormal cells divide uncontrollably, often initiated by mutations in specific genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how genetic mutations influence tumor formation.

<p>Genetic mutations can alter gene functions that regulate cell growth, leading to the unchecked proliferation characteristic of tumors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genes are typically implicated in the mutation process leading to cancer?

<p>Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are typically implicated in mutations that lead to cancer development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the transformation from a normal cell to a cancer cell.

<p>A normal cell becomes a cancer cell through DNA mutations that lead to aberrant regulation of cell growth and division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phases comprise the interphase of the cell cycle?

<p>Interphase consists of G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key events occur during prophase of mitosis?

<p>During prophase, chromosomes become visible, the nuclear membrane disappears, and centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do chromosomes align during metaphase?

<p>Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell with spindle fibers attaching to their centromeres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to chromosomes during anaphase?

<p>During anaphase, chromosomes are pulled apart and move toward opposite poles of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of cytokinesis in animal cells.

<p>In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs when the cell membrane draws toward the middle and pinches the cell into two daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?

<p>Cytokinesis in plants forms a cell plate between the new nuclei, while in animals the cell membrane pinches inwards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of cancer in relation to cell division?

<p>Cancer is defined as renegade cells escaping the controls on cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stem cells differ from differentiated cells?

<p>Stem cells are unspecialized cells, while differentiated cells have specific functions and characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cancer

A disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth and division due to errors in the regulation of mitosis.

Mitosis

The process of cell division that creates two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.

Mitosis Regulation

The mechanisms that control the timing and accuracy of cell division in mitosis, ensuring normal cell growth.

Cell Transformation

The process where a normal cell becomes a cancer cell due to uncontrolled cell division.

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Cancer Cell

A cell that has lost the ability to regulate its own growth and division, leading to the disease cancer.

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DNA mutation

A permanent change in the sequence of DNA, like a typo in a recipe.

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Tumor

A mass of abnormal cells that grow uncontrollably, not like a normal part of the body.

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Normal cell

A cell that behaves as it should, following the rules of how cells normally function.

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Cancer development

A complex process where a normal cell acquires mutations that cause it to become a cancer cell.

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Tumor Growth

Cancer cells multiply to form a mass of cells called a tumor. As it grows, it signals the body to create new blood vessels to supply it with nutrients.

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Benign Tumor

A tumor that remains localized at its original site and does not spread to other parts of the body.

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Malignant Tumor

A tumor that can spread to other parts of the body, forming new tumors. It has its own blood supply.

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Metastasis

The spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body.

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Tumor Removal

Surgery is used to remove the tumor. Radiation or chemotherapy also may be used.

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Cell Cycle

The series of events that a cell goes through from its formation to its division into two daughter cells.

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Interphase

The stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares for division. It consists of G1, S, and G2 phases.

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Prophase

The first stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibers start forming.

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Metaphase

The second stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, attached to spindle fibers from opposite poles.

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Anaphase

The third stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers.

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Telophase

The final stage of mitosis where chromosomes reach the poles, nuclear membranes form around them, and the cell begins to divide.

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Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells, which follows mitosis in both animal and plant cells.

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Study Notes

Cell Cycle and Mitosis

  • The cell cycle consists of several phases: G1, S, and G2 phases
  • G1 phase: Basic cell growth
  • S phase: DNA synthesis begins; cycle typically completes
  • G2 phase: Cell prepares for mitosis

Mitosis

  • Mitosis is a process of cell division.
  • It comprises four key phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Prophase

  • Chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope.
  • The nuclear membrane breaks down.
  • Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell.
  • Spindles attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.

Metaphase

  • Chromosomes align along the middle of the cell.
  • Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome.

Anaphase

  • Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
  • Centromeres divide.
  • Spindle fibers pull the chromosomes.

Telophase

  • Nuclear membranes reform around the separated chromosomes.
  • Chromosomes begin to decondense/uncoil.
  • The cell prepares for division.
  • Spindles disintegrate.
  • Nucleolus is visible again

Cytokinesis

  • This is the process that completes cell division.
  • In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches inward, forming a cleavage furrow.
  • In plant cells, a cell plate forms between the two nuclei.

Mitosis vs Cell Division

  • Mitosis is the process of nuclear division.
  • Cytokinesis is the process of cytoplasmic division.
  • Mitosis alone does not result in two separate cells; Cytokinesis completes the process and divides the cell into separate cells.

Cancer

  • Cancer is a disease of mitosis.
  • Cancer cells escape the normal controls on cell division.
  • Cancer cells can divide even if signals to stop are received.
  • The uncontrolled cell division forms tumors.
  • Tumors can be benign or malignant.
  • Benign tumors remain at the original site and are usually surgically removed.
  • Malignant tumors can invade other tissues and produce new tumors (metastasis).
  • Malignant tumors are treated with surgery and often followed by radiation therapy and /or chemotherapy.

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Related Documents

Mitosis and Meiosis Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the cell cycle and mitosis phases! This quiz covers the G1, S, G2 phases, as well as the detailed stages of mitosis including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Sharpen your understanding of cell division processes through this informative quiz.

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