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Questions and Answers
Which family of integral membrane protein mediates cell-cell adhesion by binding to carbohydrates on glycoproteins?
Which family of integral membrane protein mediates cell-cell adhesion by binding to carbohydrates on glycoproteins?
- Selectins (correct)
- Immunoglobulin superfamily
- Cadherins
- Integrin family
Which type of cell-cell junctions are found in epithelia?
Which type of cell-cell junctions are found in epithelia?
- Tight junctions
- Gap junctions
- All of the above
- Adherens junctions and desmosomes (correct)
Which signaling system occurs when a cell produces and responds to its own signaling molecules?
Which signaling system occurs when a cell produces and responds to its own signaling molecules?
- None of the above
- Endocrine
- Paracrine
- Autocrine (correct)
Which family of integral membrane protein mediates adhesion between nonimmune cells?
Which family of integral membrane protein mediates adhesion between nonimmune cells?
Which type of cell-cell junctions seal the extracellular space and make epithelial layers impermeable?
Which type of cell-cell junctions seal the extracellular space and make epithelial layers impermeable?
Which signaling system occurs when a cell produces signaling molecules that affect nearby cells?
Which signaling system occurs when a cell produces signaling molecules that affect nearby cells?
What converts information carried by extracellular messenger molecules into cellular responses?
What converts information carried by extracellular messenger molecules into cellular responses?
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Study Notes
- Four families of integral membrane protein mediate cell-cell adhesion: selectins, immunoglobulin superfamily, integrin family, and cadherins.
- Selectins bind to carbohydrates on glycoproteins from other cells and have a small cytoplasmic segment, a single membrane spanning domain, and a large extracellular portion.
- Immunoglobulin superfamily mediates adhesion between nonimmune cells and the Ig domains of one CAM binds to opposing CAM.
- Cadherins mediate cell-cell adhesion, and each type mediates cell-type specific adhesion and typically join cells of similar type to one another.
- Adherens junctions and desmosomes are types of cell-cell junctions found in epithelia.
- Tight junctions seal the extracellular space and make epithelial layers impermeable.
- Gap junctions permit intercellular communication through molecular “pipelines” between cells.
- Extracellular signals can take several forms, including small chemicals and mechanical stimuli.
- Three types of signaling systems are autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine.
- Signaling pathways consist of a series of proteins that ultimately alter cell activity, and signal transduction converts information carried by extracellular messenger molecules into cellular responses.
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