Cell Biophysiology Overview

<p>Manage misfolded proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their amino acid sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are intended for incorporation into membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actin filaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They influence intracellular trafficking and organelle positioning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which cells create proteins. It begins with DNA transcription and involves the formation of messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where protein synthesis takes place.

The process by which ribosomes attach to mRNA and synthesize proteins. Free ribosomes produce proteins that remain in the cytosol, while ribosomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produce proteins that are destined for the ER lumen, secretion, or integration into membranes.

A hypothesis that explains how proteins are targeted to specific locations within a cell. The signal hypothesis proposes that proteins destined for the ER, secretion, or membranes contain a signal sequence, a short stretch of amino acids that directs the ribosome to bind to the ER membrane.

A quality control mechanism within cells that deals with misfolded proteins. Essentially, it ensures the correct folding of proteins. If a protein misfolds, the unfolded protein response is activated, which can lead to the degradation of the misfolded protein or even programmed cell death (apoptosis).

Large protein complexes that are responsible for the degradation of proteins tagged with ubiquitin. Ubiquitin is like a 'death tag' that marks proteins for destruction. The proteasome then breaks down the tagged protein into smaller peptides.

A network of protein filaments that provides structural support, helps with intracellular movement, and defines cell shape. It is composed of three primary types of filaments: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

A process that involves the dynamic assembly and disassembly of actin filaments. Actin filaments are like tiny threads that can grow or shrink, changing the shape and movement of cells.

A process that describes the instability of microtubules, which can rapidly grow or shrink depending on the cellular needs. This dynamic behaviour is essential for cell division, transport of organelles, and cell movement.