Cell Biophysiology PDF

Cell Biophysiology Dr. Mallika Indran BDS, PhD, FICCDE Saba University School of Medicine Office Hours: 12-2.00 pm, Monday – Friday and by Appointment Email: [email protected] Learning Objectives  Describe protein synthesis  S...

Cell Biophysiology Dr. Mallika Indran BDS, PhD, FICCDE Saba University School of Medicine Office Hours: 12-2.00 pm, Monday – Friday and by Appointment Email: [email protected] Learning Objectives  Describe protein synthesis  State the fate of proteins that are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and those that are synthesized by free ribosomes  Explain the “signal hypothesis” in protein synthesis  List the factors that determine the fate of newly synthesized proteins  Explain the function of the unfolded protein response and its value to the cell  Compare the mechanisms by which proteins are targeted for degradation by either proteosomes or lysosomes Learning Objectives cont.  Explain the role of the cytoskeleton in determination of cell shape, positioning of organelles, intracellular trafficking, and cell movement  Compare the characteristics and functions of microfilaments, microtubules, and  intermediate filaments  Explain what is meant by treadmilling of actin filaments and dynamic instability of microtubules  Explain how cytoskeletal dynamics can control cellular movement Centriole Polyribosomes: Free Polyribosomes and ER-Bound Polyribosomes  Free polyribosomes (not attached to the endoplasmic reticulum) Cytosolic and cytoskeletal proteins and Synthesize: Proteins for import into the: Nucleus Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes Polysomes attached to the membranes of ER The proteins produced by these ribosomes are segregated during translation into the interior of the ER’s membrane cisternae Proteins that are to be incorporated Synthesize: into membranes Stored in lysosomes Secreted from the cell In both pathways misfolded proteins are conjugated to ubiquitin and targeted for proteasomal degradation Protein Synthesis – Signal Hypothesis Summary of Protein Synthesis Summary of Ubiquitin- Proteasome Pathway Self Study Slides Organelle identification and correlating with function References  Histology, A Text and Atlas, M.H. Ross & Pawlina, 8th Ed. Wolters Kluwer, 2020  Junqueira’s Basic Histology, Text and Atlas, Anthony L. Mescher, 15th Ed. Mc Graw Hill, 2018  Netter’s Essential Histology, William K. Ovalle, Patrick C, Nahirney, 3rd Ed., Elsevier, 2021  Color Atlas of Histology, L.P. Gartner, J.L. Hiatt, 6th Ed. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2014  Atlas of Human Histology: A Guide to Microscopic Structure of Cells, Tissues and Organs, Robert L. Sorenson, T. Clark Brelje, 3rd Ed., 2014.  Wheater’s Functional Histology, B. Young, J.S. Lowe, A. Stevens, J.W. Heath, 5th Ed. Churchill and Livingstone, 2006