Cell Biology: The Cell Membrane
15 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the structure found in both plant and animal cells that controls the movement of materials both in and out of the cell?

The cell membrane

What are the three main types of cellular transport?

  • Diffusion, osmosis, endocytosis
  • Passive transport, osmosis, active transport (correct)
  • Diffusion, active transport, osmosis
  • Osmosis, facilitated diffusion, endocytosis

    • The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that allows all molecules to pass through.

    False (B)

    The cell membrane is made up of a double layer of ______.

    <p>phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Provides structural support to the cell's internal framework. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport requires energy?

    <p>Active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration called?

    <p>Simple diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport involves the movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins embedded within the cell membrane?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement of water from a region of high water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration called?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of solutions with their effects on cells:

    <p>Hypotonic solution = Cell swells and may burst (lyse) Isotonic solution = No net movement of water occurs Hypertonic solution = Cell shrinks (shrivels)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of active transport involves the engulfing of large particles by a cell?

    <p>Phagocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of active transport involves the cell taking in dissolved substances from the surrounding environment?

    <p>Pinocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active transport does not require energy.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are examples of passive transport?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of active transport describes a cell secreting substances into the extracellular environment?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Cell Membrane

    The thin outer layer of a cell that controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

    Selective Permeability

    The cell membrane's ability to let some molecules pass through while blocking others.

    Phospholipid

    A type of lipid that forms the cell membrane's structure.

    Phosphate Head

    The part of the phospholipid that attracts water.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Lipid Tail

    The part of the phospholipid that repels water. Think of it as a water-fearing tail.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Membrane Proteins

    Proteins embedded within the cell membrane.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Transport (Channel) Protein

    A type of protein that forms a channel through the cell membrane, allowing specific molecules to pass through.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Diffusion

    The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Facilitated Diffusion

    A type of diffusion where molecules move across the membrane with the help of transport proteins.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Osmosis

    The movement of water from a region of high water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hypertonic Solution

    A solution with a higher concentration of solutes than the cell. Causes water to move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hypotonic Solution

    A solution with a lower concentration of solutes than the cell. Causes water to move into the cell, causing it to swell.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Isotonic Solution

    A solution with the same concentration of solutes as the cell.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Active Transport

    The movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, requiring energy.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Endocytosis

    A type of active transport where cells engulf particles by forming a vesicle.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Phagocytosis

    A type of endocytosis where cells engulf large particles.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pinocytosis

    A type of endocytosis where cells engulf smaller dissolved molecules or ions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Exocytosis

    A type of active transport where cells release particles by enclosing them in a vesicle and fusing it with the cell membrane.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Passive Transport

    The movement of molecules across a membrane that does not require energy.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cell Intake

    The process by which cells absorb substances necessary for their survival and function.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cell Excretion

    The process by which cells release waste products or substances they don't need.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cell Needs

    The substances that cells need for energy production, building blocks, and regulation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cell Wastes

    The substances that cells release as waste products or for communication.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Simple Diffusion

    The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a membrane without the help of transport proteins.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Passage of Materials

    The type of transport used by the cell for intake of essential substances.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cell Eating

    The process by which cells take in food particles by engulfing them.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cell Drinking

    The process by which cells take in small dissolved molecules or ions by engulfing them.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cell Excreting

    The process by which cells release substances by enclosing them in a vesicle and fusing it with the cell membrane.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cellular Transport

    The process by which cells take in or release substances across the membrane.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

    The energy currency of the cell, used to power active transport.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    The Cell Membrane and Cellular Transport

    • The cell membrane is found in both plant and animal cells.
    • It controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell.
    • The cell membrane is selectively permeable.
    • Some molecules can pass through, and others cannot.
    • This maintains the balance of the cell's internal environment.

    Structure of the Cell Membrane

    • Made up of a double layer of phospholipids.
    • Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.
    • The hydrophilic heads face the outside and inside of the cell, while the hydrophobic tails face each other in the membrane's interior.
    • Proteins are embedded within the membrane to help transport molecules.
    • Various types of proteins, such as protein channels and carrier proteins, exist.

    Membrane Proteins

    • Proteins are embedded to prevent most molecules from passing through the hydrophobic lipid tails.
    • Protein channels enable molecules to pass through the membrane without interacting with the lipids.

    Transport (Channel) Proteins

    • Shaped like tubes, forming channels through the cell membrane.
    • Only allow certain molecules to pass through.

    Cell Transport

    • Includes diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
    • These processes allow the intake and release of substances.

    Substances Absorbed by the Cell

    • Sugars and fats are needed for covering energy consumption.
    • Sugars and proteins are needed for cell construction.
    • Proteins, hormones, and enzymes are needed for cell activity regulation.
    • Water, ions, and vitamins are needed for conducting metabolic processes.

    Substances Excreted by the Cell

    • Carbon dioxide and urea are not needed or harmful.
    • Enzymes, vitamins, and hormones are needed by other cells.
    • Antibodies are needed for protection.

    Passage of Materials through Cell Membranes

    • Intake and release of substances are crucial for cell existence.
    • Passive transport allows some molecules (e.g., water) to move in and out of cells easily without energy.
    • Active transport requires energy and transport proteins to move other molecules across the membrane.

    Simple Diffusion

    • Movement of molecules from high to low concentration across the lipid bilayer.
    • No energy is required.
    • Examples include oxygen and carbon dioxide.

    Facilitated Diffusion

    • Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins.
    • No energy is required.
    • Example: glucose.

    Osmosis

    • A specific type of diffusion involving the movement of water from high to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.
    • No energy is required.

    Diffusion vs. Osmosis

    • Diffusion involves the movement of solutes (dissolved substances).
    • Osmosis involves the movement of solvent (usually water).

    Hypotonic Solution

    • The solution outside the cell has a lower solute concentration than inside the cell.
    • Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and potentially burst.

    Hypertonic Solution

    • The solution outside the cell has a higher solute concentration than inside the cell.
    • Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

    Isotonic Solution

    • The solute concentration outside the cell is equal to the solute concentration inside the cell.
    • No net movement of water occurs.

    Osmosis in Plant Cells

    • Plant cells have cell walls that prevent them from bursting in hypotonic solutions.
    • In a hypertonic solution, the cell membrane can detach from the cell wall resulting in plasmolysis.

    Active Transport

    • Movement of molecules from low to high concentration, requiring energy (ATP).
    • Transport proteins embedded in the membrane facilitate this process.

    Types of Active Transport

    • Endocytosis: Cells engulf particles by surrounding and pinching off parts of the cell membrane.
      • Phagocytosis: "Cell eating," engulfing large particles.
      • Pinocytosis: "Cell drinking," taking in smaller dissolved ions or molecules.
    • Exocytosis: Cells dispose of particles by enclosing substances in vesicles and fusing these vesicles with the cell membrane, releasing their contents.

    Phagocytosis vs. Pinocytosis

    • Phagocytosis is for larger particles, while pinocytosis is for smaller dissolved particles.

    Passive vs. Active Transport

    • Passive transport does not require energy and includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
    • Active transport requires energy and includes endocytosis, exocytosis, and protein pumps.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    The Cell Membrane and Cellular Transport PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on the structure and function of the cell membrane, including its role in cellular transport. It covers key concepts such as selective permeability, the arrangement of phospholipids, and the types of membrane proteins involved in transporting materials. Test your knowledge of these essential biological principles!

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser