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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in the cell?
Which part of the cell is responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste?
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up at the center of the cell?
What is the purpose of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
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Which organelle modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids?
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Which organelles are involved in cell movement and sensing the environment?
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What process results in four non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
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Which transport mechanism involves the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration?
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What role does the nucleus play in the cell?
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In which cellular process do sister chromatids separate?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure
- Plasma membrane: semi-permeable, regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside cell membrane, site of metabolic reactions
- Nucleus: contains DNA, controls cell growth and reproduction
- Mitochondria: generates energy for cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): transports and modifies proteins, lipids
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes, breaks down and recycles cellular waste
- Golgi apparatus: modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids
Cell Membrane Structure and Function
- Phospholipid bilayer: arrangement of phospholipid molecules with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
- Selective permeability: allows certain substances to pass through while keeping others out
- Passive transport: movement of molecules from high to low concentration (diffusion, osmosis)
- Active transport: movement of molecules from low to high concentration using energy
Cellular Organelles and Their Functions
- Chloroplasts: site of photosynthesis, converts light energy into chemical energy
- Cilia and flagella: structures involved in movement and sensing the environment
- Peroxisomes: contains enzymes that break down fatty acids and amino acids
- Centrioles: involved in formation of cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers
- Vacuoles: stores water, salts, and nutrients, helps maintain cellular turgor pressure
Cell Division
- Mitosis: process of cell division resulting in two daughter cells genetically identical to parent cell
- Interphase: cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for cell division
- Prophase: chromatin condenses, nuclear envelope breaks down
- Metaphase: chromosomes line up at center of cell
- Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
- Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms, chromatin uncoils
- Meiosis: process of cell division resulting in four non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as parent cell
- Important for gamete formation and genetic variation
Cell Structure
- Plasma membrane is semi-permeable, regulating what enters and leaves the cell
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane, where metabolic reactions take place
- The nucleus contains DNA and controls cell growth and reproduction
- Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transports and modifies proteins and lipids
- Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, breaking down and recycling cellular waste
- Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids
Cell Membrane Structure and Function
- Phospholipid bilayer is an arrangement of phospholipid molecules with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
- The cell membrane has selective permeability, allowing certain substances to pass through while keeping others out
- Passive transport occurs through diffusion and osmosis, moving molecules from high to low concentration
- Active transport moves molecules from low to high concentration using energy
Cellular Organelles and Their Functions
- Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy
- Cilia and flagella are structures involved in movement and sensing the environment
- Peroxisomes contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and amino acids
- Centrioles are involved in the formation of cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers
- Vacuoles store water, salts, and nutrients, helping maintain cellular turgor pressure
Cell Division
- Mitosis is the process of cell division resulting in two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell
- Mitosis consists of:
- Interphase: cell growth, DNA replication, and preparation for cell division
- Prophase: chromatin condenses, and the nuclear envelope breaks down
- Metaphase: chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
- Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
- Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms, and chromatin uncoils
- Meiosis is the process of cell division resulting in four non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Meiosis is important for gamete formation and genetic variation
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Description
Learn about the different components of a cell, their functions and roles in maintaining cellular processes. From the plasma membrane to lysosomes, this quiz covers the essential structures of a cell.
