Cell Biology Quiz: Transport and Organelles
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary energy source used in primary active transport?

  • ATP (correct)
  • NADH
  • Glucose
  • Electrochemical gradient

    • Which of the following is an example of secondary active transport?

  • Transportation of amino acids across intestinal lining (correct)
  • Sodium-potassium pump
  • Phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages
  • Movement of Ca² ions out of cardiac muscle cells

    • What composition mainly constitutes the cytoplasm?

  • 90% water, ions, and small to large molecules (correct)
  • 80% proteins, 10% nucleotides, 10% water
  • 70% proteins, 20% lipids, 10% carbohydrates
  • 50% water, 30% salts, 20% nucleic acids

    • What is a defining characteristic of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>It is studded with ribosomes on its surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cytosol is accurate?

    <p>It surrounds and supports the organelles in the cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysosomes within eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Digestion and waste removal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular process involves lysosomes removing damaged organelles?

    <p>Autophagy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lysosomes are formed primarily from which part of the cell?

    <p>Golgi apparatus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes?

    <p>Synthesis of proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organelles are peroxisomes and glyoxysomes?

    <p>Single membrane-bound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do lysosomes use to digest unwanted structures within the cell?

    <p>Autophagy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during autolysis?

    <p>Lysosomes release their enzymes into the cytoplasm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is also known as a 'suicidal bag'?

    <p>Lysosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the origin of proteins for peroxisomes?

    <p>Primarily from the cytosol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of peroxisomes in cells that need to break down alcohol?

    <p>They increase in number and size. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction between lysosomes and peroxisomes in terms of their membrane systems?

    <p>Both lysosomes and peroxisomes have single membranes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary change that occurs in cells after intense muscular exercise ceases?

    <p>Reduction in the number of mitochondria through autophagy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process by which lysosomes engulf and digest cellular structures?

    <p>Autophagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of signaling molecules can directly diffuse through the plasma membrane?

    <p>Hydrophobic molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport mechanism requires specialized proteins to assist molecules across the membrane?

    <p>Facilitated Diffusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after a steroid hormone binds to its intracellular receptor?

    <p>It forms a receptor-hormone complex that moves to the nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vacuoles in plant cells?

    <p>Storing organic compounds and providing mechanical support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the signal transduction pathway, what is the first step following the binding of a signal molecule?

    <p>Reception (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the movement of water from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration?

    <p>Osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes protein and peptide hormones from steroid hormones?

    <p>They cannot cross the plasma membrane and are water-soluble. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mitochondria contribute to cellular metabolism?

    <p>By generating ATP through cellular respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy source for active transport mechanisms?

    <p>ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples is NOT a steroid hormone?

    <p>Insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes simple diffusion?

    <p>It involves the direct movement of small molecules across the membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinctive role do peroxisomes play in liver cells?

    <p>Facilitating the detoxification of alcohol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do second messengers play in cell signaling?

    <p>They amplify the signal and initiate a cellular response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the function of channel proteins in facilitated diffusion?

    <p>They act as specific pores allowing molecules or ions to pass through. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelles are only found in germinating seeds and are responsible for converting fatty acids into carbohydrates?

    <p>Glyoxysomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the central vacuole in mature plant cells?

    <p>It provides mechanical support through turgor pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process follows the transduction step in the signal transduction pathway?

    <p>Response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes simple diffusion?

    <p>Is a type of passive transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In osmosis, water moves toward which area?

    <p>A region of higher solute concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular functions does the signal response regulate?

    <p>Enzyme activity and gene expression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of membrane structure do mitochondria have?

    <p>Double membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is true?

    <p>Usually moves substances from high to low concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is false regarding active transport?

    <p>It moves substances from high to low concentration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the membrane surrounding a vacuole called?

    <p>Tonoplast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in which way?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion does not require energy, while active transport does. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes facilitated diffusion from simple diffusion?

    <p>Transport proteins are necessary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vacuole is responsible for removing excess water in fresh water protists?

    <p>Contractile vacuole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of osmosis primarily concerned with?

    <p>Flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes active transport?

    <p>Requires energy such as ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would osmosis occur?

    <p>Water moves from an area of high solute concentration to low solute concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion?

    <p>Change shape to move substances across the membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the rate of facilitated diffusion generally compare to simple diffusion?

    <p>It is usually slower but more straightforward (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are signaling molecules also known as?

    <p>Ligands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is TRUE about protein signaling?

    <p>Protein hormones generally require second messengers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do glycolipids and glycoproteins play in cells?

    <p>Serve as cell surface markers for recognition and adhesion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do steroid signaling molecules interact with target cells?

    <p>They pass through the plasma membrane and bind to internal receptors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is NOT mentioned as a method for studying cell membranes?

    <p>Electron microscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a principal function of receptors in cell signaling?

    <p>To initiate a cascade of events upon binding to a ligand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are plasma membranes crucial for cell interactions?

    <p>They regulate the transport of materials and maintain suitable conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of signaling molecule cannot pass through the plasma membrane?

    <p>Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cell can differentiate into almost any cell type?

    <p>Pluripotent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)?

    <p>Avoids ethical concerns of embryonic stem cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major concern is associated with the initial method of generating iPSCs?

    <p>Potential for causing cancer due to viral vectors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes unipotent stem cells?

    <p>Can produce cells of one kind only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first described induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and won the Nobel Prize for it?

    <p>Shinya Yamanaka (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cell can differentiate into any cell type in the body?

    <p>Induced pluripotent stem cells (A), Embryonic stem cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of adult stem cells?

    <p>They are multipotent and can differentiate into certain types of cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using stem cells in therapy?

    <p>They can replace damaged or lost cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is NOT mentioned as potentially treatable using stem cell therapy?

    <p>Asthma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pluripotency in stem cells refer to?

    <p>Ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are induced pluripotent stem cells generated?

    <p>By introducing specific signals to adult cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of differentiation potential, how do adult stem cells compare to embryonic stem cells?

    <p>Adult stem cells are less versatile and mainly replace damaged cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stem cell is specifically created in a lab environment?

    <p>Induced pluripotent stem cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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