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Cell Biology

• The term "cell" was coined by Robert Hooke.
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann are not associated with the coining of the term "cell".
• Cell wall is composed of cellulose.

Cell Organelles

• Nucleus holds hereditary characters in an organism.
• Ribosomes are responsible for protein formation in a cell.
• Mitochondria are involved in cell division.
• Mitochondria are also known as the "powerhouse of the cell".
• Lysosomes are called the "suicide bag" of the cell.
• Tonoplast is the membrane surrounding the vacuole.

Chloroplasts

• Chloroplasts contain the green pigment.

Organelle Functions

• Golgi bodies are not involved in protein formation.
• Cisternae are not related to protein formation or mitochondria.
• Centrosome is not the powerhouse of the cell.
• Cell wall is not associated with protein formation or hereditary characters.
• Aysosome is not a valid term.
• Vitamins are not involved in cell division.
• Plasma membrane is not associated with the vacuole.
• Nuclear membrane is not associated with the vacuole.

Cell Structures and Functions

• Leucoplast: involved in the transport of material
• Endoplasmic reticulum: involved in protein synthesis
• Chloroplast: responsible for making food through photosynthesis
• Golgi bodies: involved in storage of starch and proteins
• Vacuole: involved in storage, makes the cell turgid
• S vacuole: involved in storage
• Cell wall: synthesized in plant cells

Cell Characteristics

• Cell size is usually measured in micrometers, not centimeters
• Nuclear membrane encloses a colorless, dense fluid called nucleoplasm
• Golgi bodies do not form a network of tubes throughout the cytoplasm
• Chromoplasts are not the kitchen of the cell, they are responsible for pigment synthesis
• Vacuoles are not filled with nucleoplasm, but with a fluid called cell sap
• Nucleus is the control center of the cell, enclosing chromatin network

Cellular Functions

• A cell is called the structural and functional unit of a living organism because it is the basic unit of life
• Cell membrane is called selectively permeable because it allows certain substances to pass through while keeping others out
• Chromatin network is a network of DNA and proteins in the nucleus
• Mitochondria are called the powerhouses of a cell because they generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
• Ribosomes are small organelles responsible for protein synthesis
• Chromoplasts are responsible for pigment synthesis, resulting in different colors (e.g., papaya is yellow, spinach is green, and watermelon is red)

Importance of Microscope and Cellular Organization

• The invention of the microscope was important for the study of living beings because it allowed for the discovery and observation of cells
• Unicellular organisms are single-celled, while multicellular organisms are composed of multiple cells (e.g., Amoeba is unicellular, while humans are multicellular)
• Cell wall is a rigid outer layer providing support and protection, while cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane regulating what enters and leaves the cell
• Mitochondria have several functions, including generating energy, regulating cell growth, and initiating cell division
• Nucleus is the most important part of a cell because it contains the cell's genetic material and controls cellular activities

Plant Cell Structure and Function

• Cell wall is a non-living structure in plant cells, providing support and protection
• Functions of cell wall include providing shape, support, and protection
• Main differences between plant cell and animal cell include the presence of cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuoles in plant cells
• Diagrams can be used to highlight these differences, showing the unique structures and organelles of each type of cell

Test your knowledge of cell structure and functions with this quiz. Questions cover cell walls, hereditary characters, cell division, and more.