Cell Biology Quiz: Membrane Transport

<p>To transport amino acids, sugars, and ions against gradients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as a transparent barrier for cell contents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two layers arranged tail to tail (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a polar structure with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are oriented towards the interior of the membrane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act as enzymes or receptors and assist in transport. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assist with cell signaling and recognition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solvent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To absorb nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active processes require metabolic energy from the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some materials can enter while others are restricted. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gases and nutrients among other substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propelling the cell through fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control the entry and exit of materials in the nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assemble ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromatin is loosely packed DNA, while chromosomes are tightly packed DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytosol, inclusions, organelles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generate ATP via oxygen breakdown of food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain stored nutrients or cell products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Double membrane with cristae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport of ribosomes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tight junctions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent cells from being pulled apart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By creating channels composed of connexons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Build proteins and facilitate cell reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wavy contours of membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintain homeostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth and DNA replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G2 checkpoint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytokinesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G1 phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor DNA damage and ensure accurate division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling what enters and exits the cell.

A model describing the structure of the plasma membrane as a constantly moving and flexible structure made up of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins.

The main component of the plasma membrane, with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

Attracted to water, like the head of a phospholipid.

Repelled by water, like the tail of a phospholipid.

The sticky, sugar-rich outer layer of the plasma membrane, involved in cell recognition and adhesion.

Proteins with branched sugar chains attached to them, found in the glycocalyx.

Specialized structures that connect cells together, forming tissues and ensuring proper function.

Impermeable junctions that bind cells together in a leakproof sheet, preventing substances from passing between cells.

Anchoring junctions that act like rivets, preventing cells from being pulled apart by mechanical stress.

Communicating junctions that allow direct communication between cells, facilitating the passage of molecules.

The control center of the cell, containing DNA, which is essential for protein synthesis and cell division.

A double membrane that encloses the nucleus, regulating the movement of molecules in and out.

A dense region within the nucleus involved in the production of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis.

The genetic material (DNA) within the nucleus that is uncoiled and spread out.

Openings in the nuclear envelope that allow for the exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Tiny organelles that make proteins, assembled in the nucleolus.

Dense, rodlike structures formed from condensed chromatin during cell division.

The material between the nucleus and plasma membrane, where most cellular activities take place.

The fluid portion of the cytoplasm, containing nutrients and electrolytes.

Specialized structures within the cytoplasm that perform specific functions.

A type of passive transport that helps move substances across the cell membrane that are too large or not lipid-soluble. It uses protein channels or carriers to facilitate the movement.

A passive process that forces water and solutes through a membrane based on a pressure difference. It's like pushing water through a filter.

A type of transport that uses energy (ATP) to move substances across the cell membrane, even against their concentration gradient.

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, meaning from a low to high concentration area. This requires energy, which is provided by ATP.

A type of active transport that uses membrane-bound sacs called vesicles to move large substances across the cell membrane.

Hair-like projections on the cell surface that move materials across it.

Long, whip-like projections that propel the cell.

Finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area.

A homogeneous mixture of two or more components.

The dissolving medium present in the larger quantity.

The components present in smaller quantities within a solution.

The fluid inside cells, including the nucleoplasm and cytosol.

The fluid outside of cells, containing nutrients, hormones, and other substances.

A membrane that allows some materials to pass through, but not others.

The series of events a cell goes through as it grows and divides, essential for growth, repair, and reproduction.

The period of growth and DNA replication in the cell cycle, divided into G1, S, and G2 phases.

The second major phase of the cell cycle where the cell divides, including mitosis and cytokinesis.

The first gap phase of interphase, where the cell grows and synthesizes proteins and organelles.

The synthesis phase of interphase, where DNA replication occurs, ensuring each daughter cell gets a complete copy of the genetic material.

The second gap phase of interphase, where the cell grows further and prepares for mitosis by synthesizing proteins needed for division.

Process of nuclear division where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, ensuring the accurate distribution of chromosomes.

The first stage of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle begins to form.

The second stage of mitosis, where chromosomes are aligned along the metaphase plate, attached to spindle fibers.

The third stage of mitosis, where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.