Cell Biology Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Allows materials in and out of the cell (correct)

Stores nutrients

Produces energy

Contains the DNA

What is cytoplasm?

The liquid that carries organelles, consisting of cytosol and organelles in the cytosol.

What is the role of a vacuole in a plant cell?

Involved in intracellular digestion

Site of protein synthesis

Power center of the cell

Holds nutrients, water, and waste (correct)

What is a mitochondrion?

The power center of the cell, membrane-bound organelles that have a double membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi body?

Receives proteins and other materials, packages them, and distributes them. Signup and view all the answers

What do lysosomes do?

Digest food particles, waste, and foreign invaders. Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleus contain?

DNA and controls the processes of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell wall?

Protects the cell and gives it shape Signup and view all the answers

What role do ribosomes play in the cell?

Assist in the development of amino acids and are the site of protein synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Helps maintain cell shape and enables internal movement and cell locomotion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chloroplasts?

Where chlorophyll is found and food is made. Signup and view all the answers

What are membrane proteins responsible for?

Communicating with other cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Forms a maze of passageways for transporting proteins and materials. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Membrane

Composed of a double layer of phospholipids; hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
Regulates entry and exit of materials through membrane pores

Cytoplasm

A gel-like fluid that includes cytosol and various organelles
Provides a medium for biochemical reactions and helps in transportation within the cell

Vacuole

Membrane-bound sac primarily for storage of nutrients, water, and waste
Plant cells typically possess a single large vacuole, while animal cells have multiple smaller ones
Plays a role in cell growth by increasing cell size

Mitochondrion

Also known as the powerhouse of the cell
Enclosed by double membranes, facilitating energy (ATP) production through cellular respiration

Golgi Body

Receives, processes, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum
Functions in the modification and transport of molecules to various parts of the cell

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes for breaking down food particles, waste, and pathogens
Critical for intracellular digestion and recycling of cellular components

Nucleus

Houses the cell's genetic material (DNA) and regulates cell activities
Considered the control center of the cell, influencing growth, metabolism, and reproduction

Cell Wall

A rigid outer structure exclusive to plant cells that provides protection and shape
Composed of polysaccharides like cellulose, contributing to structural integrity

Ribosomes

Small organelles that facilitate protein synthesis by assembling amino acids
Composed of RNA and proteins, existing as two subunits: large and small

Cytoskeleton

An organized network of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate fibers
Maintains cell shape and supports internal movement of organelles and muscle fiber contraction

Chloroplast

Found only in plant cells, containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Enclosed by a double outer membrane, critical for converting solar energy into food

Membrane Protein

Embedded in the cell membrane, participating in cell communication and responses
Includes marker proteins for immune identification, channel proteins for substance transport, and receptor proteins for signal reception

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A labyrinthine structure that transports proteins and materials within the cell
Divided into rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes) types, each serving distinct functions in metabolism and protein synthesis

Description

Test your knowledge on key cell structures and their functions! This quiz covers the cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuoles, mitochondria, Golgi body, and lysosomes. Perfect for students learning about cell biology.