Cell Biology Quiz: Golgi Apparatus and More

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What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus regarding proteins?

To modify and label proteins for distribution (correct)

To store proteins until needed

To degrade proteins into amino acids

To synthesize proteins directly from amino acids

In what form are proteins and lipids transported from the Golgi apparatus?

Nuclei

Ribosomes

Cisternae

Golgi vesicles (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Form lysosomes

Secrete carbohydrates

Produce energy through ATP synthesis (correct)

Produce secretory enzymes

How does the Golgi apparatus contribute to the formation of glycoproteins?

By adding carbohydrates to proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are characterized by a well-developed Golgi apparatus?

Secretory cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) over a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)?

Specimens do not need to be extremely thin. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to maintain a near-vacuum environment in electron microscopy?

To prevent contamination from atmospheric gases. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures can be resolved by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)?

Plant cell (100 µm) (B), Virus (100 nm) (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the resolving power of SEM compare to that of a light microscope?

SEM has ten times better resolving power than a light microscope. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of image does a SEM primarily produce?

3-D image through computer analysis. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the granal membranes within chloroplasts?

They provide a surface area for proteins and enzymes involved in the first stage of photosynthesis. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

It contains ribosomes on its surface. (A), It is involved in the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Aerobic respiration (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the primary role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

It synthesizes, stores, and transports lipids. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure within chloroplasts is primarily involved in the light absorption phase of photosynthesis?

Grana (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do root cells generally lack chloroplasts?

They are below the soil where light penetration is limited. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the stroma fluid in chloroplasts contain?

Enzymes necessary for the second stage of photosynthesis. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are cristae and what is their role in mitochondria?

Extensions of the inner membrane that increase surface area for enzyme attachment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is found within the matrix of mitochondria?

Protein, lipids, ribosomes, and DNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about chloroplasts is true?

Chloroplasts contain DNA and may have evolved from prokaryotic cells. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of lysosomes?

Break down worn-out organelles (D) Signup and view all the answers

Lysosomes typically contain which of the following enzymes?

Proteases and lipases (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ribosome is commonly found in eukaryotic cells?

80S (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main components of plant cell walls?

Cellulose (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the cell wall is incorrect?

It is only found in animal cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

Manufacture of ribosomal RNA and assembly of ribosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the nuclear envelope contribute to the nucleus's functionality?

It controls the passage of materials into and out of the nucleus. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate diameter of a typical nucleus?

10-20 µm (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure within the nucleus is responsible for manufacturing ribosomal RNA?

Nucleolus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the dimensions of a typical mitochondrion?

1-10 µm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nuclear pores in the nucleus?

They allow the passage of large molecules such as messenger RNA. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of mitochondria?

Double membrane with the inner membrane folded into cristae. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within the nucleoplasm of the nucleus?

Granular, jelly-like material (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the resolution of a microscope indicate?

The minimum distance between two objects that can be seen as separate. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about magnification and resolution is TRUE?

Every microscope has a limit of resolution. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the cell fractionation procedure?

Homogenation (C) Signup and view all the answers

During ultracentrifugation, what happens to the heaviest organelles?

They settle at the bottom in a pellet. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a cold, buffered solution before cell fractionation?

To stabilize the pH and prevent structural damage. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What consequence might occur if the tissue is not placed in a buffered solution?

Increased enzyme activity might damage organelles. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely outcome if organelles lose water during cell fractionation?

They may burst due to osmotic effects. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cell fractionation process involves separating components based on density?

Ultracentrifugation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using an electron microscope over a light microscope?

It has a higher resolving power due to a shorter wavelength of the electron beam. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of electron microscope produces a two-dimensional image?

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant limitation of using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)?

Specimens must be extremely thin for the image to be produced. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What creates darker areas in the image produced by a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)?

Areas that absorb electrons. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue that might affect the accuracy of a TEM image?

Artifacts may appear due to specimen preparation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can a three-dimensional image be partially constructed from a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)?

By taking a series of sections through the specimen. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why can living specimens not be observed using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)?

Because they require a vacuum which is harmful to living cells. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which electron microscope allows for three-dimensional imaging?

Both SEM and TEM (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cristae in mitochondria?

They provide a large surface area for enzyme attachment. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What component of chloroplasts is responsible for light absorption during photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll in grana (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Krebs cycle occur within the mitochondrion?

In the matrix (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of chloroplasts?

A double plasma membrane with disc-like thylakoids stacked in grana. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do the number and size of mitochondria relate to cell activity?

They increase in cells with high metabolic activity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell wall in plants?

To provide mechanical strength (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is NOT found in plant vacuoles?

Proteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tonoplast in plant cells?

To enclose the vacuole (D) Signup and view all the answers