Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
Produce 95% of the ATP required by the cell
Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging newly synthesized proteins?
Rough ER
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and carbohydrates?
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What is the function of the peroxisomes?
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Which organelle is involved in the storage and transport of secretory products?
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What is the function of the rough ER?
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Which organelle is responsible for neutralizing toxic compounds?
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What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in relation to secretions?
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What is the name of the organelle responsible for modifying and packaging secretions?
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What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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What is the relationship between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes?
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in relation to the plasma membrane?
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in relation to enzymes?
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What is the role of exocytosis in relation to the Golgi apparatus?
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What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
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Which of the following organelles is responsible for detoxification?
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What is the function of the cisternae in the endoplasmic reticulum?
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Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is involved in synthesizing lipids and carbohydrates?
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What is the primary function of lysosomes?
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
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What is the primary function of peroxisomes?
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Which organelle is involved in synthesizing steroid hormones?
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Study Notes
Cell Organelles
- Golgi apparatus: consists of stacked, flattened membranes (cisternae) containing chambers, responsible for storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes.
- Mitochondria: double membrane with inner membrane folds (cristae), containing metabolic enzymes, producing 95% of ATP required by the cell.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): network of membranous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for synthesis of secretory products, intracellular storage and transport, and detoxification of drugs or toxins.
- Peroxisomes: vesicles containing degradative enzymes, responsible for catabolism of fats and other organic compounds, and neutralization of toxic compounds.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Rough ER: surface covered with ribosomes, active in protein and glycoprotein synthesis, folds polypeptide protein structures, and encloses products in transport vesicles.
- Smooth ER: no ribosomes attached, synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates, such as phospholipids, cholesterol, steroid hormones, glycerides, and glycogen.
Golgi Apparatus
- Functions: modifies and packages secretions, renews or modifies the plasma membrane, and packages special enzymes within vesicles for use in the cytoplasm.
- Vesicles enter the forming face and exit the maturing face.
Membranous Organelles
- Five types: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, and Mitochondria.
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