Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary functions of the Golgi apparatus?
Which of the following substances are synthesized by the Golgi apparatus?
What is the internal pH of lysosomes?
What type of cellular materials do lysosomes help to digest?
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How do the number of mitochondria in a cell vary?
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Study Notes
Golgi Apparatus Functions
- Packages substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into vesicles for transportation.
- Processes and packages substances to form lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and other cytoplasmic components.
- Synthesizes certain carbohydrates that cannot be formed in the ER, such as hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate.
Lysosomes
- Vesicular organelles formed by budding off from the Golgi apparatus and dispersed throughout the cytoplasm.
- Filled with small granules (5 to 8 nm) containing up to 40 different hydrolase enzymes for digestion.
- The internal pH is approximately 5, creating an acidic environment for enzymatic activities.
- Act as an intracellular digestive system, breaking down:
- Damaged cellular structures.
- Food particles ingested by the cell.
- Unwanted materials such as bacteria.
Mitochondria
- Known as the powerhouses of the cell; they extract energy from nutrients.
- The number of mitochondria per cell varies according to the cell’s energy requirements.
- Cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) contain many more mitochondria compared to fat cells (adipocytes), reflecting their higher energy usage.
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Description
Explore the essential roles of the Golgi apparatus in packaging and synthesizing substances within the cell. This quiz will test your understanding of how the Golgi apparatus processes materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and synthesizes key carbohydrates. Perfect for students looking to deepen their knowledge of cell structure and function.
