Cell Biology Overview

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, and Cell Membrane

DNA

<p>Directs the cell's functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid matrix of cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides support to the internal structures of a cell and maintains the shape of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The permeable outermost layer of a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Series of biochemical reactions that allows cells to receive and respond to messages coming through the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins that guide movements of cells (CAMS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membrane that allows some types of molecules through but not others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receive and transmit messages into a cell; form pores, channels, and carriers; catalyze chemical reactions; enable cells to stick to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein rods and tubules that form a supportive framework that reinforces a cell's 3D form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tiny, spherical structures composed of protein and RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complex organelle composed of membrane-bound flattened sacs, elongated canals, and fluid-filled vesicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structure or compartment in a cell that houses the biochemical reactions that carry out a specific function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membranous sacs that vary in size and content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stack of half a dozen or so flattened, membranous sacs called cisternae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elongated, fluid-filled sacs that move slowly in the cytoplasm and can divide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic molecule that stores and releases energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'garbage disposals' of the cell, where enzymes dismantle debris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membranous sacs that resemble lysosomes in size and shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structure located in the cytoplasm near the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microscopic hair-like processes on the exposed surfaces of certain epithelial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lash-like appendage that protrudes from certain cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thread-like structures in the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A double layer that encloses the nucleus, consisting of an inner and an outer lipid bilayer membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein-lined channels in the nuclear envelope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small, dense body largely composed of RNA and protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consists of loosely coiled fibers in the nuclear fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rod-like structures that condense from chromatin in a cell's nucleus during mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency of atoms, molecules, and ions in a liquid or air solution to move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane into a compartment containing solute that cannot cross the same membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any solution that has the same osmotic pressure as body fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solutions that have a lower osmotic pressure than body fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of material through a membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement against a concentration gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecules or particles that are too large to enter a cell by diffusion or active transport are conveyed in vesicles that form from a section of the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells take in tiny droplets of liquid from their surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Similar to pinocytosis but the cell takes in solids rather than liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moves very specific types of particles into the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substances made in the cell are packaged into a vesicle, which then fuses with the cell membrane, releasing its contents outside the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combines endocytosis and exocytosis to selectively and rapidly transport a substance or particle from one end of a cell to the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The series of changes that a cell undergoes from the time it forms until it divides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An active period in which the cell grows and maintains its routine functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A form of cell division that occurs in somatic cells and produces two daughter cells from an original cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage of mitosis when chromosomes become visible when stained and viewed under a microscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage of mitosis when chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage of mitosis when replicated chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage of mitosis when newly formed cells separate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue mass formed when cells lose division control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gene that normally controls cell division but when over-expressed leads to cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gene that encodes a protein that ordinarily inhibits cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of specialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Undifferentiated cell that can divide to yield two daughter stem cells or a stem cell and a progenitor cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Daughter cell of a stem cell whose own daughter cells are restricted to follow specific lineage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability of a cell to differentiate into any type of cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell able to differentiate to yield several specialized cell types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Programmed cell death.</p> Signup and view all the answers