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Questions and Answers
Which organelle is responsible for digesting and recycling materials in human white blood cells?
Which organelle is responsible for digesting and recycling materials in human white blood cells?
What is the defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
What is the defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
What structures are found in the double lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope?
What structures are found in the double lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope?
Which statement about prokaryotic cells is true?
Which statement about prokaryotic cells is true?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the Smooth ER in human white blood cells?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Smooth ER in human white blood cells?
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Which classes of life forms include prokaryotic cells?
Which classes of life forms include prokaryotic cells?
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What is the viscous fluid found inside the nuclear envelope called?
What is the viscous fluid found inside the nuclear envelope called?
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Which organelle is involved in the assembly of ribosome subunits?
Which organelle is involved in the assembly of ribosome subunits?
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Study Notes
Cell Definition
- The smallest unit that shows properties of life
- Organelles are structures that carry out special metabolic functions inside a cell.
- They build, modify, and store substances.
Simple Animal Cell
- Contains cytoplasm, DNA, a nucleus, a nucleoid, and a cell membrane.
Types of Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
- Cell interior is divided into functional compartments including a nucleus.
Prokaryotic Cells
- Small, simple cells without a nucleus.
Modern Microscopes
-
Light microscopes
- Phase-contrast microscopes
- Reflected light microscopes
- Fluorescence microscopes
-
Electron microscopes
- Transmission electron microscope
- Scanning electron microscopes
Prokaryotes
- Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes (before the nucleus).
- The smallest and most metabolically diverse forms of life.
- Prokaryotes are single-celled.
Biofilm
- Single-celled organisms sharing a secreted layer of polysaccharides and glycoproteins.
- Examples include bacteria, algae, fungi, protists and archaeans
Eukaryotic Cells
- All protists, fungi, plants and animals.
- All eukaryotic cells' DNA is in the nucleus
-
Organelles:
- Cell wall
- Vacuole
- Plasma membrane
- Mitochondrion
- Nucleus
- Central Vacuole
- Chloroplast
- Cytoskeleton
- Microtubules
- Microfilaments
- Intermediate filaments
- Plasmodesma
- Plasma Membrane
- Ribosomes
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
- Golgi Body
- Lysosome-Like Vesicle
Human White Blood Cell
-
Organelles:
- Rough ER
- Modifies proteins made by ribosomes attached to it.
- Smooth ER
- Makes lipids, breaks down carbohydrates and fats, inactivates toxins.
- Golgi Body
- Finishes, sorts, ships lipids, enzymes, and proteins.
- Lysosome
- Digests, recycles materials.
- Nuclear pore
- Rough ER
Structure of the Nucleon Envelope
- The nuclear envelope is a double lipid bilayer.
- Proteins embedded in it control the passage of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Structure of the Nucleus
- Nucleoplasm: Viscous fluid inside the nuclear envelope, similar to cytoplasm.
- Nucleolus: A dense region in the nucleus where subunits of ribosomes are assembled from proteins and RNA.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of cell biology, including the definition of cells, the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and the types of modern microscopes. Test your understanding of how cells function and their classification in the biological world.
