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Cell Biology: Organelles and Their Functions
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Cell Biology: Organelles and Their Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

  • Converting sunlight into chemical energy
  • Maintaining cell shape and aiding in cell division (correct)
  • Supporting and protecting the cell
  • Building projections from the cell surface
  • What is the main function of chloroplasts?

  • Building projections from the cell surface
  • Capturing energy from sunlight and converting it into chemical energy (correct)
  • Converting chemical energy in food to compounds usable by the cell
  • Maintaining cell shape and aiding in cell division
  • What is the role of mitochondria in the cell?

  • Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy
  • Converting chemical energy in food to compounds that are usable by the cell (correct)
  • Building projections from the cell surface
  • Maintaining cell shape and aiding in cell division
  • What is the composition of the cell membrane?

    <p>Lipid bilayer with polar head and nonpolar tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for capturing energy from sunlight and converting it to chemical energy in plants?

    <p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage or release?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

    <p>Synthesizing lipids and detoxification of drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the assembly of ribosomes begin?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks like synthesizing lipids and detoxification of drugs?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

    <p>Storing materials like water and salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do new proteins leave after synthesis and enter for further processing?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for breaking down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules that the cell can use?

    <p>Lysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

    <p>Helping transport material and maintain cell shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for performing important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organelle Functions

    • Microtubules in the cytoskeleton provide structural support, shape, and movement to the cell.
    • Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy in plants through photosynthesis.
    • Mitochondria generate energy for the cell by converting glucose into ATP through cellular respiration.

    Cell Membrane

    • The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that regulate the passage of materials in and out of the cell.

    Energy Production

    • Chloroplasts are responsible for capturing energy from sunlight and converting it to chemical energy in plants.

    Protein Synthesis and Processing

    • The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage or release.
    • The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
    • Ribosome assembly begins in the nucleolus.

    Cellular Transport

    • Vacuoles in plant cells store water, salts, and other substances, and help maintain cell turgor pressure.

    Protein Processing

    • New proteins synthesized in the ribosomes enter the rough endoplasmic reticulum for further processing.
    • Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules that the cell can use.

    Cellular Support

    • The cytoskeleton provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell.

    Cellular Functions

    • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for performing important cellular functions, such as protein synthesis and lipid synthesis, within a eukaryotic cell.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of cell biology with this quiz covering the definitions and functions of key cellular components such as cytoplasm, organelles, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vacuoles.

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