Cell Biology Mitosis Process

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Nucleolus and nuclear membrane begin to disappear. (correct)

Cytoplasm divides into two identical cells.

Chromosomes undergo uncoiling and lengthening.

Chromosomes become visible and are arranged in the cell equator.

What is a key event that happens during metaphase?

Cytokinesis begins and divides the cytoplasm.

Chromosomes align at the cell's equator. (correct)

Chromosomes split longitudinally.

Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell.

What is the function of nuclear pores?

To condense chromatin during cell division

To regulate passage of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm (correct)

To synthesize DNA

To form nucleoli

Which of the following statements describes an action that occurs in anaphase?

Chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite poles. Signup and view all the answers

What signals the end of mitosis and beginning of cytokinesis?

Constriction at the cell equator. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromatin is more condensed and usually transcriptionally inactive?

Peripheral heterochromatin Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleolus primarily consist of?

Concentrated rRNA Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the chromosomes during telophase?

Nuclear membrane and nucleoli reappear. Signup and view all the answers

Which nuclear change is characterized by the dissolution of the nucleus?

Karyolysis Signup and view all the answers

The nuclear envelope is formed by how many membranes?

Two membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?

Stores energy in the form of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the nucleolus called?

Fibrillar centers and granules Signup and view all the answers

What structure forms chromosomes during cell division?

Chromatin Signup and view all the answers

What stage of the cell cycle is primarily involved in chromosome duplication?

S Phase Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does a cell undergo significant growth and prepares for DNA replication?

G1 Phase Signup and view all the answers

What happens to chromosomes during metaphase in karyotyping?

They are short and clear Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of colchicine in karyotyping?

To arrest cell division at metaphase Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to identify chromosome abnormalities?

Karyotyping Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding somatic cells?

They contain 46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the centromere in chromosome structure?

It holds sister chromatids together. Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily synthesized during the G0 phase?

ATP and proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of meiosis?

Produce gametes with a haploid number of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material?

Crossover Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of meiosis II?

Four haploid daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

What term describes stem cells' ability to create identical copies of themselves?

Self-renewal Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the chiasma during meiosis?

Genes are exchanged between chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a bivalent during meiosis?

It consists of four chromatids Signup and view all the answers

Why is the haploid number of chromosomes important in gametes?

It ensures proper pairing during fertilization Signup and view all the answers

After telophase II and cytokinesis II, how many chromosomes are present in each daughter cell?

23 chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into any cell type?

Totipotent stem cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stem cells are artificially generated by reprogramming non-pluripotent cells?

Induced pluripotent stem cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are characterized by continuous renewal?

Labile cells Signup and view all the answers

What term describes stem cells that can differentiate into a few cell types?

Oligopotent Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of apoptosis in cellular biology?

To eliminate cells with severe DNA damage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stem cell is primarily found in various tissues of the body?

Adult stem cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary cause of necrosis?

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about stem cells is false?

All stem cells can differentiate into all types of cells. Signup and view all the answers