Cell Division Quiz: Mitosis Stages

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary driving force for diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Concentration gradients of solutes (correct)

Kinetic energy of the particles (correct)

Cellular energy in the form of ATP

Electrical gradients created by ions

Which process requires the cell to expend energy?

Osmosis

Simple diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport (correct)

What type of transport involves transmembrane proteins assisting the movement of substances?

Active transport

Both A and C (correct)

Facilitated diffusion

Passive transport

In which scenario does osmosis occur?

Water moving across a selectively permeable membrane Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes an electrochemical gradient?

The combined difference in concentration and electrical charge across the membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding facilitated diffusion?

It involves transmembrane proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of active transport that distinguishes it from passive processes?

Moves substances against their concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

During which process do molecules move primarily to equalize concentration?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transcytosis?

To transport materials across a cell Signup and view all the answers

Which type of endocytosis involves the uptake of large particles such as bacteria?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What primarily constitutes the cytosol?

Mainly water, dissolved solutes, and suspended particles Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton is the thinnest?

Microfilaments Signup and view all the answers

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is characterized by its:

Selective uptake of specific ligands Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the thickness of the three types of protein filaments in the cytoskeleton?

Microfilaments are the thinnest, followed by intermediate filaments, then microtubules Signup and view all the answers

What role does the plasma membrane play in endocytosis?

It surrounds the material to be taken up Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding vesicle formation during endocytosis?

The edges of the membrane meet and fuse to form a vesicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of mitosis?

Two genetically identical daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

During which type of cell division does the chromosome number reduce by half?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What defines a haploid cell?

A single copy of each chromosome Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the region where sister chromatids are joined?

Centromere Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence the rate of diffusion?

Nature of the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the cell cycle referred to as?

Generation time Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of meiosis for gametes?

Creating four haploid cells Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by the movement of substances through the lipid bilayer without assistance from transport proteins?

Simple diffusion Signup and view all the answers

In which type of facilitated diffusion does a solute pass through a specific membrane channel?

Channel-mediated facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What ensures genetic diversity and integrity in living organisms?

Both Meiosis and Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following descriptions is true for both mitosis and meiosis?

Both are integral parts of cellular reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

The cell swells and may burst Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes active transport?

Uses energy to move substances against their concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of carrier proteins in carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion?

To change shape and transport solutes across the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What defines endocytosis?

Materials moving into a cell in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of transport is characterized by solutes moving through a plasma membrane using energy?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

Histone synthesis occurs and chromatin condenses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitotic spindle fibers during mitosis?

To attach to sister chromatids and ensure proper segregation. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes telophase?

Spindle fibers are dispersed and two nuclei begin to form. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during cytokinesis?

Actin fibers contract, pinching the cell into two. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

DNA replication occurs and chromosomes are duplicated. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the mitotic spindle?

To provide structural support to the cell. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does the cell undergo significant synthesis of proteins and organelles in preparation for mitosis?

G2 phase Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division and Cycle

Centrosomes migrate to opposite cell poles and grow, synthesizing new mitotic spindle fibers.
Mitotic spindle fibers attach to sister chromatids during cell division.
S Phase: DNA replication occurs, leading to centrosome duplication.
Anaphase: Chromosomes are pulled to poles; centromeres split, and sister chromatids separate, forming a "V" shape.
Telophase: Chromosomes revert to decondensed state; nuclear structures reappear alongside histone synthesis.
Cytokinesis: Actin fibers contract to pinch the cell into two daughter cells, each with one nucleus.

Phases of Cell Cycle

G2 Phase: Preparations for mitosis occur; chromatin condenses, nucleolus and nuclear membrane reappear, and spindle fibers disperse.

Transport Mechanisms

Passive Transport: No cellular energy required; substances move down gradients.
- Diffusion: Movement from high to low concentration; influenced by gradient steepness, temperature, mass, surface area, and distance.
- Osmosis: Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
- Facilitated Diffusion: Involves transport proteins (channel and carrier proteins) aiding substance movement.
Active Transport: Requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient.
- Types: Active transport pumps (e.g., sodium-potassium pump) and vesicular transport.
- Endocytosis: Materials enter cell; can be receptor-mediated, phagocytosis, or bulk-phase.
- Exocytosis: Vesicles fuse with the membrane, releasing materials outside.
- Transcytosis: A combination of endocytosis and exocytosis across a cell.

Cytoplasm and Organelles

Cytoplasm: Contains all cellular contents between the membrane and nucleus; consists of cytosol and organelles.
Cytosol: Fluid portion of cytoplasm, primarily water with dissolved solutes and suspended particles.
Organelles: Specialized structures like the cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes.

Cytoskeleton

Composed of protein filaments extending throughout the cytosol.
- Microfilaments: Thinnest elements; made of actin and myosin.
- Intermediate Filaments: Provide structural support.
- Microtubules: Maintain cell shape and facilitate transport.

Types of Cell Division

Mitosis: Results in two genetically identical diploid daughter cells; essential for growth and tissue repair.
Meiosis: Reduces chromosome number by half to produce four haploid gametes; occurs in reproductive cells and maintains genetic diversity.

Cell Cycle Overview

Cell cycle is the sequence of growth and division; duration from one division to the next is termed generation time.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the stages of mitosis, particularly S phase and anaphase. Explore how centrosomes and mitotic spindle fibers function during cell division. This quiz will help you understand the critical processes involved in cell reproduction.