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Questions and Answers
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes become visible as thick threads or rods?
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes become visible as thick threads or rods?
What is the primary function of mitosis?
What is the primary function of mitosis?
What is the literal meaning of the term 'cytokinesis'?
What is the literal meaning of the term 'cytokinesis'?
Which of the following best describes the duration of mitosis?
Which of the following best describes the duration of mitosis?
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When does cytokinesis begin in relation to the phases of mitosis?
When does cytokinesis begin in relation to the phases of mitosis?
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During which phase of interphase does DNA replication occur?
During which phase of interphase does DNA replication occur?
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What is the main activity of a cell during the G1 phase of interphase?
What is the main activity of a cell during the G1 phase of interphase?
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What is the primary function of the G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle?
What is the primary function of the G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle?
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Which event marks the end of interphase and prepares the cell for division?
Which event marks the end of interphase and prepares the cell for division?
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In which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?
In which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?
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What is the term for the division of the cell into two daughter cells?
What is the term for the division of the cell into two daughter cells?
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Which type of cells typically cannot divide after they have fully matured?
Which type of cells typically cannot divide after they have fully matured?
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What event happens first, during cell division?
What event happens first, during cell division?
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Study Notes
Interphase
- Interphase prepares cells for division, consisting of G1, S, and G2 subphases.
- G1 (Gap 1): Metabolically active, rapid protein synthesis, and vigorous growth. Duration varies greatly, from hours in rapidly dividing cells to days or years in slow-dividing ones. Centriole replication begins near the end of G1.
- S (Synthetic) phase: DNA replicates, ensuring identical genetic material in daughter cells.
- G2 (Gap 2): Brief; synthesis of enzymes needed for cell division. Centriole replication finishes. Cell is ready to divide.
- Throughout all three subphases, the cell grows, produces proteins and organelles, and performs normal metabolic activities.
- Checkpoints (throughout the cell cycle) assess cell activity, including growth, DNA replication, and spindle formation.
- G1 checkpoint assesses cell size prior to DNA synthesis.
- G2 checkpoint checks DNA damage and replication accuracy.
- Mutations in genes at these checkpoints can cause uncontrolled division and tumor growth.
Cell Division
- Essential for body growth and tissue repair.
- Different cell types have varying division rates.
- Short-lived cells (e.g., skin, intestinal) divide continuously.
- Some cells (e.g., liver) divide slowly but rapidly if damaged.
- Specialized cells (e.g., nervous, most muscle) cannot divide after maturation.
- Division occurs in the M (mitotic) phase following interphase.
- Most cell types divide through mitosis (nucleus division) and cytokinesis (cell division).
Mitosis
- Replicated DNA from the original cell is divided into two new cells.
- Chromosomes are evident as thick rods or threads.
- A continuous process described in four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- Typically lasts about 2 hours, but duration varies by cell type.
Cytokinesis
- Separation of one cell into two at the end of the cell cycle. Begins during anaphase and finishes after mitosis.
- Actin and myosin filaments constrict to pinch the cell in two.
- The two new "daughter cells" enter interphase.
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Description
Explore the crucial stages of interphase in cell division, including the G1, S, and G2 phases. Learn about the checkpoints that ensure proper cell function and DNA replication before mitosis. This quiz covers the metabolic activities and key features of each subphase.
