Cell Biology Interphase and Structures

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Questions and Answers

What happens during prophase in mitosis?

The nuclear membrane is formed around the chromosomes.

Sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles.

Chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes. (correct)

Chromosomes become less visible and diffuse.

What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?

To assist in the division of the cell's cytoplasm.

To move chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell. (correct)

To transport nutrients to the chromatin.

To dissolve the nuclear membrane.

Which of the following occurs during telophase?

Nuclear membrane dissolves.

Chromosomes are first formed.

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

Cytoplasm begins to divide. (correct)

What describes the state of chromosomes immediately following mitosis?

They unravel and resemble interphase genetic material. Signup and view all the answers

At which phase do chromosomes align in the center of the cell during mitosis?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of microvilli on cells?

To increase the surface area for absorption Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

Preparation for cell division Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the chromosome structure of human body cells?

23 pairs of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What happens to chromatids during anaphase?

They separate and move towards poles Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structures are responsible for active movement?

Cilia and flagella Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes does a human sperm or egg cell contain?

23 chromosomes total Signup and view all the answers

What role do spindle fibers play during cell division?

They separate DNA molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between chromosome movement and the cell cycle?

Chromosome movement is crucial during mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major phases of the cell cycle?

Mitosis and interphase Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does DNA replication occur?

S phase Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for the movement of materials over the surface of cells?

Cilia Signup and view all the answers

What are flagella primarily known for?

Propelling sperm cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes microvilli?

Extensions of cell membrane supported by microfilaments Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of interphase is characterized by cellular growth and normal metabolic activity?

G1 phase Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cilia from flagella in terms of structure?

Cilia usually occur in multiple numbers, while flagella are fewer Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the interphase of the cell cycle?

The cell prepares for division by replicating DNA Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function

Microvilli are extensions of the cell membrane that increase surface area for absorption, especially abundant in intestinal and kidney cells.
Cilia are hair-like structures that facilitate the movement of materials over cell surfaces, such as mucus.
Flagella are longer, whip-like structures, primarily found in sperm cells, responsible for propulsion.

Cell Genetic Content

Each human somatic cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46; sperm and egg cells each contain 23 chromosomes.
The sex chromosomes determine gender: XX for female, XY for male.

The Cell Cycle

The cell cycle consists of interphase (non-dividing phase) and mitosis (dividing phase).
Interphase includes G1 phase (normal metabolic activity), S phase (DNA replication), and G2 phase (preparation for division).
Mitosis is split into four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Mitosis Phases

Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes; spindle fibers form and the nuclear membrane dissolves.
Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equator; spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.
Anaphase: Chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase: Chromosomes de-condense into chromatin; two nuclei form as the nuclear membrane re-establishes.

Intermediate Filaments and Centrioles

Intermediate filaments are protein structures providing mechanical support, situated between the size of microtubules and microfilaments.
Centrioles play a critical role in organizing spindle fibers during mitosis.

Cytokinesis

Following telophase, the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate daughter cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes.

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Description

Explore the intricacies of cell biology with a focus on interphase and cellular structures such as microvilli, cilia, and flagella. This quiz covers the preparation phase of cell division and the significance of surface area in cellular functions. Test your understanding of these essential biological concepts.