Cell Biology: Inheritance and Eukaryotic Structure

<p>DNA and proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear pores are involved in the transport of regulatory factors and gene products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They play a key role in the process of cell division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondrial DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the transport of molecules within the nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of proteins involved in cellular respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondrial DNA is inherited solely from the mother. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for more efficient replication of the DNA. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To compress the DNA into a smaller space within the nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histones bind to DNA and help compact it into a smaller space. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA for mitochondrial protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondrial DNA is smaller and simpler, reflecting its more limited functional role. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is located primarily in the telomeres and centromeres of chromosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As light-colored bands due to its loose packing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inactivation occurs randomly in each cell during early embryonic development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barr body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The euchromatic regions of chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the overproduction of proteins encoded by genes on the X-chromosome. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is visible as a brightly fluorescent body when stained with quinacrine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nucleolus is involved in the assembly of ribosomal subunits, which are essential for protein synthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From the mother, via the egg cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To synthesize proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutation in the gene encoding a subunit of the NADH-CoQ reductase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disruption of the normal arrangement of muscle fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As individuals age, the proportion of normal mitochondria decreases, leading to reduced ATP production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quinacrine body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To attach to spindle fibers and help separate sister chromatids during anaphase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes are made of solenoids, which are composed of nucleosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acrocentric (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plays a role in the proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes are a condensed form of chromatin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA and chromatin within the cell nucleus that carry genetic information.

Genetic material found outside the nucleus, such as mitochondrial DNA.

Basic unit of DNA packaging, consisting of DNA wrapped around histone proteins.

Metaphase chromosomes are highly condensed forms, visible during cell division.

Study of chromosomes to diagnose genetic disorders and variations.

Less condensed form of chromatin, active during gene expression.

Highly condensed chromatin that is generally not active in gene expression.

Double membrane that encloses the nucleus and regulates substance exchange.

The main phase of the cell cycle where most gene expression occurs.

Fixed and permanent heterochromatin around centromeres and telomeres.

Heterochromatin that can revert to an active state when needed.

Inactive X-chromosome in female cells, composed of facultative heterochromatin.

A syndrome characterized by eye defects, heart issues, and CNS degeneration due to large mtDNA deletions.

The chromosomal DNA found in the nucleus, consisting of 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Extranuclear DNA organized in circular molecules, vital for cellular respiration; 16,569 base pairs.

The organizing process of DNA into a compact structure within the nucleus, including nucleosomes and solenoids.

Proteins that help package DNA into nucleosomes, playing a key role in gene regulation.

The control of gene activity depending on DNA packing density in chromatin.

Inheritance patterns governed by Mendel's laws, applicable to nuclear DNA.

The Y chromosome can be detected in male somatic cells using quinacrine staining due to its fluorescent properties.

The centromere is a constricted region of a chromosome that divides it into two arms and is essential for sister chromatid separation during mitosis.

The kinetochore is a protein complex that forms at the centromere, aiding in the separation of sister chromatids during anaphase.

A metacentric chromosome has the centromere located in the middle, producing two equal arms (p = q).

A submetacentric chromosome has a centromere displaced from the center, resulting in unequal arms (p < q).

An acrocentric chromosome has the centromere positioned at one end, resulting in one very short arm and one long arm.

DNA facilitates efficient storage and organization of genetic material, regulating gene expression based on chromatid structure.

A cellular structure where rRNA is synthesized and ribosomal subunits are formed.

Genetic transmission involving genes located outside of the nucleus, primarily in mitochondria.

Circular DNA found in mitochondria that encodes mitochondrial proteins and enzymes.

Less than 0.01% of mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the father.

A genetic disease causing degeneration of the optic nerve, leading to blindness due to mtDNA mutations.

Diseases resulting from mutations in mtDNA affecting energy production in cells.

A metabolic pathway that produces ATP using energy from electrons transferred through the electron transport chain.

Structures within mitochondria that contain copies of mitochondrial DNA.