10 Questions
What is the main difference between passive and active transport?
The need for energy expenditure
What type of transport process involves the movement of molecules from high to low concentration?
Passive transport
Which type of protein is involved in facilitated diffusion?
Carrier protein
What is the primary function of pumps in membrane transport?
To move molecules against their concentration gradient
Which type of transport process involves the movement of large molecules that cannot pass through the cell membrane?
Bulk transport
What is the difference between primary and secondary active transport?
The type of energy used
What is the purpose of endocytosis in bulk transport?
To move large molecules into the cell
What type of transport process requires the use of carrier proteins?
Facilitated diffusion
Which type of transport process occurs naturally without the need for energy expenditure?
Passive transport
What is the main difference between receptors and enzymes in membrane transport?
The function of the protein in transport
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- A cell consists of three main parts: nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
- The cell membrane is a thin, flexible, and elastic structure that is semipermeable, allowing certain substances to pass through while excluding others.
- The basic structure of the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer, with large globular protein molecules interspersed in it.
Nucleus
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains large quantities of DNA, which determine the characteristics of the cell's proteins.
- The nucleus controls cytoplasmic and nuclear activities.
Cytoplasm
- Cytoplasm is the clear fluid portion of the cell that contains dissolved proteins, electrolytes, and glucose.
- It also contains neutral fat globules, glycogen granules, ribosomes, secretory vesicles, and important organelles.
Cytoplasmic Organelles
- Rough ER: involved in protein synthesis and transport
- Smooth ER: involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification
- Golgi Apparatus: involved in protein modification and transport
- Lysosomes: contain digestive enzymes and are responsible for cellular digestion
- Mitochondria: the "powerhouses" of the cell, responsible for energy production
Cell Membrane Transport
- Passive transport: movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy expenditure
- Simple diffusion
- Osmosis
- Facilitated diffusion
- Active transport: movement of molecules from low to high concentration with energy expenditure
- Primary active transport
- Secondary active transport
- Bulk transport: movement of large molecules through the cell membrane
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
Learn about the role of Endoplasmic Reticulum in protein synthesis and the function of Lysosomes in cellular digestion. Explore how they work together to maintain cellular health.
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