Cell Biology: Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes Quiz

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What is the simplest mechanism for converting a proto-oncogene into an oncogene?

Chromosomal translocation

Point mutation (correct)

Gene amplification

Gene deletion

Which of the following is true about oncogenes?

They are only introduced by cancer-causing viruses

They always arise from gene amplification

They trigger excessive cell proliferation (correct)

They primarily function as tumor suppressors

How was the first human oncogene, RAS, identified?

By studying DNA mutations in cancer cells

Through analysis of cancer-causing viruses

Through gene amplification studies

Via introduction of human cancer cell DNA in cultured mouse cells (correct)

Why are single oncogenes not sufficient to cause cancer?

They require a pre-existing cell cycle mutation for cancer development Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of oncogenes in triggering cancer?

Promoting cell division and survival Signup and view all the answers

What effect does gene amplification have on proto-oncogenes?

It leads to excessive production of the protein product Signup and view all the answers

What are microsomes?

Vesicles formed from ER membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tag can be used to exclude material from certain vesicles?

Oligosaccharide side chain tag Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RXR tags in proteins?

Preventing proteins from leaving the ER Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of retrieval tags in proteins?

Guiding proteins from the Golgi back to the ER Signup and view all the answers

Where does further glycosylation of proteins occur after the ER?

Golgi complex Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of mannose-6-phosphate tags in lysosomal proteins?

Ensuring delivery of lysosomal proteins to lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

How are Golgi-specific proteins transported within the cell?

Via vesicles between different compartments Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of growth-signaling pathways?

Protein phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Which oncogene codes for an altered version of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor?

v-erb-b Signup and view all the answers

In the Ras pathway, which protein kinase is phosphorylated by activated Ras?

Raf Signup and view all the answers

Which oncogene is known to code for mutant Raf protein in human cancers?

BRAF Signup and view all the answers

What triggers changes in transcription factors that alter gene expression?

Receptor tyrosine kinase activation Signup and view all the answers

Which oncogene produces abnormal versions of the Src, Jak, and Abl protein kinases?

MYC Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of coated vesicles in vesicular traffic?

Involving proteins covering their surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are involved in coating caveolae?

Caveolin proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of adaptor proteins in vesicle formation?

Promoting assembly of clathrin coats Signup and view all the answers

How is vesicle formation induced during clathrin-coated vesicle assembly?

Through GTP hydrolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which organelles are crucial for cellular digestion?

Lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of SNARE proteins in vesicular trafficking?

Mediating fusion between vesicles and target membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Drug detoxification Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for digesting ingested material and unneeded cellular components?

Lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

What type of ER is involved in processes like glycoprotein synthesis and protein folding?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Which process does NOT occur in the golgi complex?

Protein folding Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of endosomes?

Carrying and sorting materials brought into the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is specifically involved in cholesterol biosynthesis within the ER?

HMG-CoA reductase Signup and view all the answers

What model proposes the movement of lipids and proteins through the golgi complex by gradual maturation of cisternae?

Cisternal maturation model Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteins like calnexin and calreticulin in the ER?

Proper protein folding Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the addition of carbohydrate side chains to proteins in both the ER and golgi complex?

Glycosylation Signup and view all the answers