Cell Biology: Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the simplest mechanism for converting a proto-oncogene into an oncogene?

  • Chromosomal translocation
  • Point mutation (correct)
  • Gene amplification
  • Gene deletion

    • Which of the following is true about oncogenes?

  • They are only introduced by cancer-causing viruses
  • They always arise from gene amplification
  • They trigger excessive cell proliferation (correct)
  • They primarily function as tumor suppressors

    • How was the first human oncogene, RAS, identified?

  • By studying DNA mutations in cancer cells
  • Through analysis of cancer-causing viruses
  • Through gene amplification studies
  • Via introduction of human cancer cell DNA in cultured mouse cells (correct)

    • Why are single oncogenes not sufficient to cause cancer?

    <p>They require a pre-existing cell cycle mutation for cancer development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of oncogenes in triggering cancer?

    <p>Promoting cell division and survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does gene amplification have on proto-oncogenes?

    <p>It leads to excessive production of the protein product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are microsomes?

    <p>Vesicles formed from ER membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tag can be used to exclude material from certain vesicles?

    <p>Oligosaccharide side chain tag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of RXR tags in proteins?

    <p>Preventing proteins from leaving the ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of retrieval tags in proteins?

    <p>Guiding proteins from the Golgi back to the ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does further glycosylation of proteins occur after the ER?

    <p>Golgi complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of mannose-6-phosphate tags in lysosomal proteins?

    <p>Ensuring delivery of lysosomal proteins to lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Golgi-specific proteins transported within the cell?

    <p>Via vesicles between different compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of growth-signaling pathways?

    <p>Protein phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oncogene codes for an altered version of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor?

    <p>v-erb-b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Ras pathway, which protein kinase is phosphorylated by activated Ras?

    <p>Raf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oncogene is known to code for mutant Raf protein in human cancers?

    <p>BRAF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers changes in transcription factors that alter gene expression?

    <p>Receptor tyrosine kinase activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oncogene produces abnormal versions of the Src, Jak, and Abl protein kinases?

    <p>MYC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of coated vesicles in vesicular traffic?

    <p>Involving proteins covering their surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are involved in coating caveolae?

    <p>Caveolin proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adaptor proteins in vesicle formation?

    <p>Promoting assembly of clathrin coats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is vesicle formation induced during clathrin-coated vesicle assembly?

    <p>Through GTP hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelles are crucial for cellular digestion?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of SNARE proteins in vesicular trafficking?

    <p>Mediating fusion between vesicles and target membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Drug detoxification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for digesting ingested material and unneeded cellular components?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ER is involved in processes like glycoprotein synthesis and protein folding?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process does NOT occur in the golgi complex?

    <p>Protein folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of endosomes?

    <p>Carrying and sorting materials brought into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is specifically involved in cholesterol biosynthesis within the ER?

    <p>HMG-CoA reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What model proposes the movement of lipids and proteins through the golgi complex by gradual maturation of cisternae?

    <p>Cisternal maturation model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteins like calnexin and calreticulin in the ER?

    <p>Proper protein folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the addition of carbohydrate side chains to proteins in both the ER and golgi complex?

    <p>Glycosylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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