Cell Biology Concepts Quiz

Study Notes

Cell Biology

Active transport: Movement of substances from a dilute to a concentrated solution, using energy from respiration.
Adult stem cell: Can form many different cell types.
Agar jelly: Used in petri dishes to culture microorganisms.
Cell differentiation: Cells become specialized for their function.
Cell membrane: A partially permeable barrier surrounding the cell.
Cell wall: Cellulose layer that strengthens plant cells.
Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis.
Chromosomes: DNA structures containing genes, found in the nucleus.
Concentration gradient: Difference in concentration between two areas.
Diffusion: Spreading of particles from a high to low concentration area.
Embryonic stem cell: Can differentiate into most types of human cells.
Eukaryotic cell: Contains a nucleus, found in plants and animals.
Magnification: How much larger an image appears compared to the original.
Meristematic cells: Can differentiate into any plant cell type.
Mitochondria: Site of respiration.
Mitosis: Cell division producing two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent.
Nucleus: Organelle containing the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controlling cell activities.
Organelle: Specialized structure within a cell.
Osmosis: Water diffusion from a dilute to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
Plasmid: Loop of DNA in prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cell: Does not contain a nucleus, found in bacteria.
Resolution: Ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen.
Specialised cells: Adapted for specific functions.
Stem cell: Undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce many specialized cells.
Surface area: Amount of contact an object has with its environment.
Surface area to volume ratio (SA:V): Size of object in relation to the contact area/ environment.
The cell cycle: Series of stages preparing the cell for division.
Therapeutic cloning: Creating an embryo with the same genes as a patient.
Vacuole: Organelle that stores cell sap.