Cell Biology: Active Transport & Osmosis

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

To transport substances across cell membranes
To facilitate the function of specialized cells
To duplicate chromosomes and create identical daughter cells (correct)
To enhance diffusion through specialized structures

Which of the following correctly describes osmosis?

The active transport of glucose into animal cells
The movement of nutrients against a concentration gradient
The passive movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane (correct)
The uptake of mineral ions through protein pumps

What role do specialized exchange surfaces play in organisms?

They facilitate the rapid exchange of materials (correct)
They store genetic materials for cell division
They produce energy for cellular processes
They create barriers to protect cells from toxins

What is required for active transport to occur in cells?

<p>Energy derived from respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the function of nerve and muscle cells is correct?

<p>Both cell types play essential roles in communication and movement within organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mitosis

The process where a parent cell's chromosomes duplicate and the nucleus splits into two identical daughter cells, each receiving an equal share of the genetic information. This is followed by division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two new smaller cells.

Specialized Exchange Surfaces

Structures in animals and plants designed to maximize the rate of material exchange. They have a large surface area relative to their volume, facilitating rapid diffusion.

Active Transport

The movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient. This process requires energy from respiration and utilizes protein pumps embedded in the membrane.

Osmosis

The net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.

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What are cell types specialized for?

Different types of cells have specialized structures and functions to carry out specific tasks within an organism. For example, muscle cells for movement, nerve cells for communication, and xylem cells for water transport.

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Study Notes

Active Transport

Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient
Energy (from respiration) is used to move substances
Substances are pumped in or out of cells
Involved in nutrient absorption (e.g., in the small intestine) and ion uptake by plant roots.

Osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution
Across a partially permeable membrane
Water moves to equalize concentration
Important in moving water between plant cells and roots.

Specialized Exchange Surfaces

Some parts of organisms have specialized structures for exchanging materials
Large surface area in proportion to their volume (e.g., alveoli in lungs, villi in small intestine)
Maximizes the rate of diffusion
Allows efficient exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients.

Cell Division and Differentiation

Multicellular organisms start as a single fertilised egg cell (zygote)
Zygote divides repeatedly (mitosis) to form millions of cells in adult body
Mitosis ensures genetic information is shared equally between new cells
Cell differentiation creates specialised cells with specific functions
Cells are adapted to different roles (e.g., nerve cells, muscle cells, etc.)

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of active transport and osmosis in this quiz. Learn how substances move across cell membranes and the specialized exchange surfaces that facilitate these processes. Understand the role of cell division in the growth of multicellular organisms.