Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?
What is the primary function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?
Which of the following correctly describes osmosis?
Which of the following correctly describes osmosis?
What role do specialized exchange surfaces play in organisms?
What role do specialized exchange surfaces play in organisms?
What is required for active transport to occur in cells?
What is required for active transport to occur in cells?
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Which statement about the function of nerve and muscle cells is correct?
Which statement about the function of nerve and muscle cells is correct?
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Study Notes
Active Transport
- Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient
- Energy (from respiration) is used to move substances
- Substances are pumped in or out of cells
- Involved in nutrient absorption (e.g., in the small intestine) and ion uptake by plant roots.
Osmosis
- Osmosis is the movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution
- Across a partially permeable membrane
- Water moves to equalize concentration
- Important in moving water between plant cells and roots.
Specialized Exchange Surfaces
- Some parts of organisms have specialized structures for exchanging materials
- Large surface area in proportion to their volume (e.g., alveoli in lungs, villi in small intestine)
- Maximizes the rate of diffusion
- Allows efficient exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients.
Cell Division and Differentiation
- Multicellular organisms start as a single fertilised egg cell (zygote)
- Zygote divides repeatedly (mitosis) to form millions of cells in adult body
- Mitosis ensures genetic information is shared equally between new cells
- Cell differentiation creates specialised cells with specific functions
- Cells are adapted to different roles (e.g., nerve cells, muscle cells, etc.)
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of active transport and osmosis in this quiz. Learn how substances move across cell membranes and the specialized exchange surfaces that facilitate these processes. Understand the role of cell division in the growth of multicellular organisms.
