Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following components is NOT part of the protoplasm?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the protoplasm?
What is the primary role of water in the living cell?
What is the primary role of water in the living cell?
Which of the following correctly describes an acid?
Which of the following correctly describes an acid?
What does a pH of 7 indicate?
What does a pH of 7 indicate?
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What is the typical pH of arterial plasma?
What is the typical pH of arterial plasma?
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How does the reaction between an acid and a base typically affect pH?
How does the reaction between an acid and a base typically affect pH?
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Which property of water allows it to stabilize cellular temperature?
Which property of water allows it to stabilize cellular temperature?
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What role do buffers play in biological systems?
What role do buffers play in biological systems?
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Study Notes
Cell Components
- Living cells consist of protoplasm, surrounded by a plasma membrane
- Protoplasm is the living material of the cell (cytoplasm and nucleoplasm)
- Protoplasm is a colloid (chemical molecules: inorganic and organic)
Inorganic Substances
- Four key inorganic substances in cells:
- Water
- Carbon dioxide
- Oxygen
- Salts
Importance of Water
- Most abundant compound in the body (70-90%)
- Carries substances to and from cells
- Enables absorption, exchange, secretion, and excretion
- Properties:
- High heat capacity
- High heat of evaporation
- Solvent (95% of cellular water is free)
Water Molecules and Solutions
- Water molecules have positive and negative poles
- Solutions contain dissolved substances in water
- Glucose in solution
- Sodium chloride in solution (illustrated)
Acids, Bases, and Salts
-
Acids: Donate hydrogen ions (H+)
- Example: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in stomach
-
Bases: Accept hydrogen ions (OH-)
- Also called alkalis
- Example: Sodium hydroxide (releases hydroxide ions)
- Reaction of acid and base: Produces salt and water
-
pH Scale: Measures acidity or basicity (alkalinity)
- Ranges from 0 to 14
- 7 is neutral (equal hydrogen and hydroxide ions)
- Below 7 is acidic (higher hydrogen ions)
- Above 7 is basic (higher hydroxide ions)
- Blood pH is normally 7.40
Buffers and Salts
-
Buffers: Maintain pH within normal limits
- Important for health
- Blood pH is normally about 7.4 (slightly alkaline)
-
Salts: Electrolytes; Cations (not hydrogen) and Anions (not hydroxide)
- Essential for metabolic processes, cell transport, muscle contraction, and nerve impulses
- Ions (Cl-, Na+, K+, Mg++) are important in maintaining osmotic pressure, acid-base balance.
- Intracellular fluid has high K+ and Mg++, while extracellular fluid has high Na+ and Cl-
- Hydrogen ions (H+) are more excreted extracellular, while bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) are more intracellular.
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Description
Explore the foundational elements of cell biology, focusing on cell components, especially protoplasm and the vital role of inorganic substances like water, acids, and bases. This quiz covers essential topics for understanding cellular structure and function.
