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Questions and Answers
What is the role of chromosomes in a cell?
What is the role of chromosomes in a cell?
- They provide structural support to the cell.
- They control cell movement.
- They are responsible for energy production.
- They store and transfer genetic information. (correct)
What form do chromosomes take when a cell is not dividing?
What form do chromosomes take when a cell is not dividing?
- Single-stranded DNA.
- Nuclear pores.
- Chromatin material. (correct)
- Visible rods.
What is the composition of chromosomes?
What is the composition of chromosomes?
- DNA and carbohydrates.
- DNA and proteins. (correct)
- DNA and lipids.
- Proteins and RNA.
What happens to chromatin material when a cell is about to divide?
What happens to chromatin material when a cell is about to divide?
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What is the term for functional segments of DNA?
What is the term for functional segments of DNA?
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Study Notes
Chromosomes and Cell Division
- Chromosomes are thread-like structures found within the nucleus of a cell.
- They carry genetic information in the form of genes.
- Each chromosome is made up of a single, very long DNA molecule.
- This DNA molecule is tightly coiled around proteins called histones.
Chromatin Structure
- When a cell is not dividing, chromosomes exist in a less condensed form called chromatin.
- Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that fills the nucleus.
- Chromatin allows easier access to the DNA for processes like transcription (copying DNA into RNA).
Chromosome Condensation
- When a cell is about to divide, the chromatin material condenses into tightly packed chromosomes.
- This condensation allows the chromosomes to be evenly distributed to the daughter cells.
- The condensed chromosomes are easily visible under a microscope.
Functional Segments of DNA
- Genes are functional segments of DNA.
- Genes contain the instructions for building and maintaining an organism.
- They determine traits passed down from parents to offspring.
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