BMS 202 Cell Biology: DNA and Chromosomes
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Questions and Answers

What type of bond links nucleotides in DNA?

  • Peptide bond
  • Phosphodiester bond (correct)
  • Ionic bond
  • Hydrogen bond

    • How many bases are there per turn in the DNA double helix?

  • 10 (correct)
  • 20
  • 5
  • 15

    • What is the function of specialized proteins in eukaryotic cells in relation to DNA?

  • Generate new chromosomes
  • Transcribe the DNA
  • Replicate the DNA
  • Generate a series of coils and loops (correct)

    • What is the total genetic information in a cell called?

    <p>Genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are repeated sequences at the end of chromosomes used for?

    <p>Cap the ends to save them from being mistakenly attacked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centromeres in mitotic chromosomes?

    <p>Help in chromosome segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the complex of DNA and protein in a cell's nucleus?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many meters of DNA does each human cell contain?

    <p>~2 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do telomeres cap the ends of?

    <p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of bonds link nucleotides in DNA?

    <p>Covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mysterious material that turned harmless bacteria into pathogenic ones, as described in the text?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty demonstrate to be the genetic material?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who definitively showed that genes are made of DNA?

    <p>Hershey and Chase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the two strands of the DNA double helix held together?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are genes made of?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did biologists recognize about inherited traits before understanding the DNA structure?

    <p>Chromosomes contain both DNA and protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most frequent chemical reactions known to create serious DNA damage in cells?

    <p>Depurination and deamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first basic step involved in repairing DNA damage?

    <p>The damage is recognized and removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of leaving a DNA mismatch without correction?

    <p>It will result in a permanent mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of repair plays an important role in preventing cancer?

    <p>Mismatch repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause the formation of thymine dimers in DNA?

    <p>Ultraviolet radiation in sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last step involved in repairing DNA damage?

    <p>DNA ligase seals nick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy for repairing double-strand DNA breaks is known for rapidly sticking before drifting apart and often leading to nucleotide loss?

    <p>Nonhomologous end joining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs shortly after DNA replication and before cell division, allowing for error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks?

    <p>Homologous recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to the fragmentation of chromosomes and is difficult to repair?

    <p>Nonhomologous end joining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process relies on genetic redundancy and is used for repairing DNA mismatches?

    <p>DNA mismatch repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What less soluble type of hemoglobin is associated with sickle-cell anemia?

    <p>Sickle-cell hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of repair strategy provides an 'error-free' approach for fixing DNA double-strand breaks?

    <p>Homologous recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specialized enzyme helps the broken 3’ strand to invade the unbroken homologous DNA and search for complementarity during DNA repair?

    <p>Homologous recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Quick and dirty' repair of double-strand DNA breaks often leads to the loss of which component?

    <p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Error-free' repair of double-strand DNA breaks occurs shortly after which cellular process?

    <p>Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

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