Cell Biology: Chromatin Types
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the nuclear pore complex?

  • Protein synthesis
  • Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking (correct)
  • DNA replication
  • Chromatin condensation
  • What is the composition of the chromatin?

  • RNA and lipids
  • DNA only
  • Proteins only
  • DNA and proteins (correct)
  • What is the function of the nuclear lamina?

  • Facilitating nuclear transport
  • Regulating gene expression
  • Modulating chromatin structure
  • Supporting the nuclear envelope (correct)
  • What is the characteristic of heterochromatin?

    <p>Highly condensed and gene-poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the nuclear envelope and the RER?

    <p>The nuclear envelope is continuous with the RER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the perinuclear space?

    <p>Separating the two concentric membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the nucleoporin proteins?

    <p>They are lipid-free and integral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association between the nuclear envelope and ribosomes?

    <p>Due to the cell's economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the G2 phase in the cell cycle?

    <p>Error correction and repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Number of chromosomes produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cyclins and CDKs in the cell cycle?

    <p>To regulate checkpoint proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during apoptosis?

    <p>Organized degradation of cellular organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of checkpoint proteins in the cell cycle?

    <p>To ensure the accuracy of DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of stem cells?

    <p>To differentiate into specific cell types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

    <p>To prepare for cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cells that undergo cell cycle arrest?

    <p>They remain in a dormant state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between extrinsic apoptosis and intrinsic apoptosis?

    <p>Extrinsic apoptosis is triggered by external stimuli, whereas intrinsic apoptosis is triggered by internal signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cytochrome C in intrinsic apoptosis?

    <p>It activates caspases to initiate apoptosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

    <p>Apoptosis is a programmed cell death, whereas necrosis is a random cell death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cell membrane during apoptosis?

    <p>It forms apoptotic bodies that are removed by macrophages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in genetically unique daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the nucleus during apoptosis?

    <p>It becomes fragmented and is distributed into the blebs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of apoptotic bodies?

    <p>They are functional and can survive for a short period of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of caspases in apoptosis?

    <p>They execute the apoptotic program by cleaving specific target proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Constitutive Heterochromatin?

    <p>To provide structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Histone H1 in nucleosome formation?

    <p>Coiling helically around H2A, H2B, H3, and H4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Facultative Heterochromatin?

    <p>It can be either condensed or decondensed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is rRNA synthesized, processed, and complexed into ribosomal subunits?

    <p>In the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Nucleolus?

    <p>To transcribe, process, and complex rRNA into ribosomal subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of Euchromatin?

    <p>Gene-rich regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of newly organized small and large ribosomal subunits?

    <p>They are exported back into the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Nucleosomes?

    <p>They contain 4 pairs of histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Meiosis?

    <p>To cut the number of chromosomes per cell in half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Anaphase of cell division?

    <p>Centromeres divide, and homologous chromosomes are separated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a Haploid cell and a Diploid cell?

    <p>A Haploid cell has one set of chromosomes, while a Diploid cell has two sets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Prophase in cell division?

    <p>To condense chromosomes and break down the nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Meiosis 1?

    <p>DNA replication takes place, and homologous chromosomes are separated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Telophase in cell division?

    <p>To decondense chromosomes and reappear the nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spindle fibers during cell division?

    <p>To attach to centromeres and separate sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of Meiosis 2?

    <p>Two haploid cells each having 23 chromosomes of one chromatid</p> Signup and view all the answers

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