Cell Biology: Chromatin Types

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What is the main function of the nuclear pore complex?

Protein synthesis

Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking (correct)

DNA replication

Chromatin condensation

What is the composition of the chromatin?

RNA and lipids

DNA only

Proteins only

DNA and proteins (correct)

What is the function of the nuclear lamina?

Facilitating nuclear transport

Regulating gene expression

Modulating chromatin structure

Supporting the nuclear envelope (correct)

What is the characteristic of heterochromatin?

Highly condensed and gene-poor Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the nuclear envelope and the RER?

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the RER Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the perinuclear space?

Separating the two concentric membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the nucleoporin proteins?

They are lipid-free and integral Signup and view all the answers

What is the association between the nuclear envelope and ribosomes?

Due to the cell's economy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the G2 phase in the cell cycle?

Error correction and repair Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Number of chromosomes produced Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cyclins and CDKs in the cell cycle?

To regulate checkpoint proteins Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during apoptosis?

Organized degradation of cellular organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of checkpoint proteins in the cell cycle?

To ensure the accuracy of DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of stem cells?

To differentiate into specific cell types Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

To prepare for cell division Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cells that undergo cell cycle arrest?

They remain in a dormant state Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between extrinsic apoptosis and intrinsic apoptosis?

Extrinsic apoptosis is triggered by external stimuli, whereas intrinsic apoptosis is triggered by internal signals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cytochrome C in intrinsic apoptosis?

It activates caspases to initiate apoptosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death, whereas necrosis is a random cell death. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell membrane during apoptosis?

It forms apoptotic bodies that are removed by macrophages. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in genetically unique daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the nucleus during apoptosis?

It becomes fragmented and is distributed into the blebs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of apoptotic bodies?

They are functional and can survive for a short period of time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of caspases in apoptosis?

They execute the apoptotic program by cleaving specific target proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Constitutive Heterochromatin?

To provide structural support Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Histone H1 in nucleosome formation?

Coiling helically around H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Facultative Heterochromatin?

It can be either condensed or decondensed Signup and view all the answers

Where is rRNA synthesized, processed, and complexed into ribosomal subunits?

In the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Nucleolus?

To transcribe, process, and complex rRNA into ribosomal subunits Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of Euchromatin?

Gene-rich regions Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of newly organized small and large ribosomal subunits?

They are exported back into the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Nucleosomes?

They contain 4 pairs of histones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Meiosis?

To cut the number of chromosomes per cell in half Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Anaphase of cell division?

Centromeres divide, and homologous chromosomes are separated Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a Haploid cell and a Diploid cell?

A Haploid cell has one set of chromosomes, while a Diploid cell has two sets Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Prophase in cell division?

To condense chromosomes and break down the nuclear envelope Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Meiosis 1?

DNA replication takes place, and homologous chromosomes are separated Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Telophase in cell division?

To decondense chromosomes and reappear the nuclear envelope Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spindle fibers during cell division?

To attach to centromeres and separate sister chromatids Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Meiosis 2?

Two haploid cells each having 23 chromosomes of one chromatid Signup and view all the answers