Cell Biology Chapter Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which organelle is responsible for producing proteins?

  • Vacuole
  • Lysosome
  • Nucleus
  • Ribosomes (correct)

    • All cells come from pre-existing cells is a main idea of the cell theory.

    True

    What process does an amoeba use to ingest large food particles?

    endocytosis

    In a __________ environment, the concentration of dissolved substances is greater outside the cell than inside the cell.

    <p>hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is uniquely found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum but absent in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microscope provides a two-dimensional image of the interior of a specimen?

    <p>transmission electron microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the organelles/functions with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Lysosomes = Intracellular digestion Golgi apparatus = Processing and packaging Ribosomes = Protein synthesis Smooth endoplasmic reticulum = Lipid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the tails of a phospholipid molecule located?

    <p>In the interior of the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of transpiration in plants?

    <p>To create tension that draws water up vessel elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Root hairs are responsible for carbon dioxide uptake.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process can move molecules against a concentration gradient?

    <p>active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gas exchange occurs at _______.

    <p>lenticels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following biomes with their characteristics:

    <p>Tundra = Cold temperatures with minimal vegetation Taiga = Coniferous trees and hibernating animals Grassland = Dominated by grasses with few trees Temperate Deciduous Forest = Trees that lose their leaves in winter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is correct regarding gravitropism?

    <p>Only stems show positive gravitropism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis is the process that adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of trees are found in the taiga biome?

    <p>Coniferous trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The liquid in the phloem primarily contains _______.

    <p>sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of deforestation?

    <p>Decreased biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The climate zone found in Canada includes tropical regions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do spongy tissue cells in leaves primarily allow for?

    <p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is called _______.

    <p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the scientists with their contributions to cell theory:

    <p>Theodor Schwann = All living things are made of cells Rudolf Virchow = Cells arise from pre-existing cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek = Improved microscopy and observed microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of guard cells in a leaf?

    <p>Regulate the opening and closing of stomata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria of plant cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process allows the movement of water across a cell membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a __________ solution, the concentration of solutes is lower inside the cell than outside, causing the cell to shrink.

    <p>hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following plant tissues with their functions:

    <p>Palisade tissue = Main area of photosynthesis Spongy tissue = Water and gas exchange Epidermal tissue = Protective outer layer Vascular tissue = Transport of nutrients and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of exocytosis in a cell?

    <p>To release particles outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diffusion is faster over short distances than long distances.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does xylem play in plants?

    <p>Transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the movement of water in an isotonic solution?

    <p>Water moves in and out of the cell equally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cohesion refers to the attraction of water molecules to other substances.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are root hairs primarily responsible for?

    <p>Increasing surface area for gas exchange and absorbing water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During transpiration, water is lost by __________ to help maintain turgor pressure.

    <p>evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Stomata = Small openings for gas exchange in leaves Turgor pressure = Pressure exerted by water inside the cell Phloem = Transport system for sugars and nutrients Xylem = Transport system for water and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process allows sugars to move downwards through the plant?

    <p>Phloem transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stomata close to conserve water when guard cells lose turgor pressure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is root pressure?

    <p>The pressure built up from water moving into root cells by osmosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the diaphragm in a microscope?

    <p>Controls the light reaching the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All organisms are made up of a single cell according to cell theory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first observed single-celled organisms and named them animalcules?

    <p>Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ adjustment moves the stage up or down to focus on the object under low power.

    <p>coarse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist's experiment involved two jars of meat to disprove abiogenesis?

    <p>Redi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scientists with their contributions to cell theory:

    <p>Schleiden = Studied plant cells Schwann = Studied animal cells Virchow = Cells arise from pre-existing cells Hooke = Named cells after tiny rooms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biogenesis is the idea that life can emerge from non-living matter.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three key points of cell theory?

    <ol> <li>Cells are the smallest functional unit of life. 2. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 3. All cells are produced from other cells.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysosomes within a cell?

    <p>Destroy dead or unhealthy parts of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid monolayer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do mitochondria play in the cell?

    <p>They produce energy through cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animal cells typically have many small ________ while plant cells have one large ________.

    <p>vacuoles; vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organelle with its primary function:

    <p>Nucleus = Controls all cellular activities Golgi apparatus = Packages and sorts proteins Chloroplast = Produces energy through photosynthesis Rough ER = Produces proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They lack organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Channel proteins are responsible for transporting large molecules across the cell membrane.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the cell membrane?

    <p>To act as a protective barrier and control transport of materials in and out of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organelle Function

    • Ribosomes produce proteins.

    Cell Environment

    • A hypertonic environment has a higher concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell than inside.

    Amoeba Ingestion

    • Amoebas ingest large food particles through endocytosis.

    Cell Theory

    • All cells come from pre-existing cells.

    Microscopy

    • A compound light microscope creates a two-dimensional image of a specimen's interior.

    Endoplasmic Reticulum

    • Ribosomes are found on rough endoplasmic reticulum, but not smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

    Cell Size

    • Cell size is correlated with adequate surface area for material exchange.

    Vesicle Destination

    • Vesicles from smooth endoplasmic reticulum move to the Golgi apparatus.

    Lysosome Function

    • Lysosomes are involved in intracellular digestion.

    Membrane Structure

    • The fluid-mosaic model describes the fluidity of proteins and phospholipids in the membrane.

    Phospholipid Structure

    • The tails of a phospholipid molecule are located in the interior of the membrane.

    Stomata Opening

    • Stomata usually open during the day, aiding carbon dioxide uptake.

    Transpiration and Water Transport

    • Transpiration creates tension that pulls water up vessel elements.

    Root Hair Function

    • Root hairs are involved in water and mineral uptake, but not in oxygen or carbon dioxide uptake.

    Plant Growth Response

    • Both stems and roots show positive gravitropism (growth towards gravity).

    Active Transport

    • Active transport moves molecules against a concentration gradient.

    Lenticels

    • Lenticels facilitate gas exchange.

    Phloem Liquid

    • The liquid in phloem primarily contains sucrose.

    Plant Turgor Pressure

    • Adding water to the soil increases turgor pressure in plants.

    Cell Theory Scientists

    • Theodor Schwann: Proposed that all plants are composed of cells.
    • Rudolf Virchow: Proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
    • Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Primarily known for his observations of microorganisms.

    Leaf Epidermis

    • The epidermis protects the leaf. Its waxy cuticle prevents water loss.

    Spongy Tissue Cells

    • Spongy tissue cells help with gas exchange (CO2 intake and O2 release). Their loose arrangement provides a large surface area.

    Canadian Climate Zones

    • Canada has temperate and polar climate zones.

    Biome Representation

    • Specific details regarding the climatographs were not included.

    Biome Characteristics

    • Taiga: Coniferous trees, animals hibernate.
    • Tropical Rain Forest: High biodiversity.
    • Desert: Low biodiversity.

    Adaptations

    • Structural adaptations involve physical features (e.g., large ears for heat dissipation in a desert rat).

    Climate Change

    • The enhanced greenhouse effect is not a natural event (it's human caused).

    Carbon Cycle

    • Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

    Deforestation Impacts

    • Deforestation causes increased atmospheric CO2, decreased biodiversity, and altered surface albedo.

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    Bio Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts of cell biology, including organelle functions, cell theory, and membrane structure. This quiz covers essential topics like ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Lysosomes, providing an overview of cellular functions and structures.

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