Cell Biology Chapter: Extracellular Matrix
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Questions and Answers

What is primarily responsible for the structural function of the extracellular matrix?

  • Nucleic acids
  • Amino acids and carbohydrates
  • Lipids and steroids
  • Glycoproteins and collagen (correct)

    • What role does the protein receptor tissue factor play in blood clotting?

  • It prevents blood vessel contraction.
  • It enhances blood flow to the damaged area.
  • It facilitates the adhesion of platelets to damaged blood vessels. (correct)
  • It deactivates neighboring smooth muscle cells.

    • Which type of intercellular junction is found exclusively in plant cells?

  • Tight junctions
  • Plasmodesmata (correct)
  • Gap junctions
  • Desmosomes

    • What characteristic is unique to tight junctions in animal cells?

    <p>They create a watertight seal between adjacent cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the desmosomes in animal cells?

    <p>They join adjacent cells together for structural integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Detoxification of medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During its journey through the Golgi apparatus, what is the most frequent modification proteins and lipids undergo?

    <p>Addition of sugar chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do secretory vesicles differ from transport vesicles after leaving the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the receiving face of the Golgi apparatus located?

    <p>Near the endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is primarily responsible for the packaging of modified proteins and lipids within the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the tags placed on proteins and lipids in the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>To enable proper routing to destinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell would likely have an abundant number of Golgi apparatuses?

    <p>Secretory cells producing antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major role does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum play in alcohol metabolism?

    <p>Detoxification of alcohol through enzymatic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures can be observed in the image of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>A series of flattened membranous sacs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Golgi apparatus's releasing face from its receiving face?

    <p>It releases contents outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells in terms of organelles?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the cell wall in bacteria?

    <p>To protect the cell and maintain its shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the size of prokaryotic cells influence their function?

    <p>Smaller size enables rapid distribution of ions and wastes within the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is not characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the genetic exchange process in prokaryotes?

    <p>Pili facilitate genetic material exchange during conjugation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the structure of a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Complex and organized with membrane-bound compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'eukaryotic' primarily refer to regarding cellular structure?

    <p>Presence of a nucleus and organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of flagella in cells?

    <p>To move the entire cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are included in the endomembrane system?

    <p>Nuclear envelope, lysosomes, and plasma membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cilia from flagella?

    <p>Cilia are shorter and more numerous than flagella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

    <p>To protect the DNA and regulate passage of substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about chromatin is true?

    <p>Chromatin is made up of DNA and proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the endomembrane system interacts most directly with the cytoplasm for transport?

    <p>Vesicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural characteristic of the nuclear envelope?

    <p>Double phospholipid bilayer with pores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do cilia play in the respiratory tract?

    <p>To move particulate matter and trapped mucus toward the throat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell typically contains just one or a few flagella?

    <p>Sperm cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

    <p>Regulation of water concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence supports the theory of endosymbiosis?

    <p>Mitochondria and chloroplasts have similarities with bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do plants wilt when they are not watered?

    <p>The central vacuole shrinks, reducing turgor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria is believed to have evolved into mitochondria?

    <p>Aerobic bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of the relationship between humans and vitamin K-producing microbes?

    <p>Synthesis of vitamin K, which humans cannot produce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the fluid in the central vacuole play for plant cells?

    <p>Providing turgor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mitochondria and chloroplasts contribute to cellular function?

    <p>They evolved from bacteria to become specialized organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about symbiosis is correct?

    <p>Endosymbiosis involves one organism living inside another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the central vacuole when the surrounding soil has lower water concentration than the plant?

    <p>It loses water, causing plant wilting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells?

    <p>Materials released by the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cells

    • Unicellular organisms are capable of independent existence and performing essential life functions
    • Anything less than a complete cell structure does not ensure independent living
    • A cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms
    • Anton Von Leeuwenhoek first saw and described a live cell
    • Robert Brown discovered the nucleus
    • The invention of the microscope and its improvement, including the electron microscope, revealed all the structural details of the cell.
    • In 1838, Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist examined plants, observing that they are composed of cells forming tissues
    • In 1839, Theodore Schwann, a British zoologist, studied animal cells and confirmed that animals are also composed of cells.
    • Rudolf Virchow (1855) clarified that cells divide and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells
    • Current cell theory states that (1) all living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells, and (2) all cells arise from pre-existing cells

    Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

    • Cells are categorized as prokaryotic or eukaryotic
    • Prokaryotes include single-celled organisms in the domains Bacteria and Archaea
    • Eukaryotes include animal and plant cells, fungi, and protists
    • Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells
    • Prokaryotic DNA is in a region called the nucleoid
    • Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus

    Components of Prokaryotic Cells

    • All cells have four common components
      • Plasma membrane (outer covering separating cell interior from environment)
      • Cytoplasm (jelly-like region with cellular components)
      • DNA (genetic material)
      • Ribosomes (synthesize proteins)
    • Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
    • Prokaryotic DNA is located in the nucleoid region

    Components of Eukaryotic Cells

    • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus containing DNA
    • Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles, Golgi body etc.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the extracellular matrix and its structural functions, as well as the roles of various cellular junctions and proteins in animal and plant cells. This quiz covers key concepts related to tissue factors, blood clotting, and cell adhesion mechanisms.

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