Cell Biology Chapter: Extracellular Matrix

A simple, single-celled organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

The central region of a prokaryotic cell where DNA is located.

A rigid outer layer in bacteria composed of peptidoglycan, providing protection, shape, and preventing dehydration.

A layer outside the cell wall in some bacteria that helps with attachment to surfaces.

Long, whip-like structures used for movement in some prokaryotic cells.

Short, hair-like structures found on some prokaryotic cells, used for exchange of genetic material during conjugation.

A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with complex internal organization.

A network of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells responsible for modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins.

The control center of the cell, containing the DNA and directing protein synthesis.

The double-membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus.

Pores in the nuclear envelope that regulate the passage of molecules and ions between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

The combination of DNA and proteins found within the nucleus, responsible for carrying genetic information.

Linear structures within the nucleus composed of DNA and proteins, carrying genetic information.

The substance within the nucleus that includes chromatin, providing a medium for nuclear activities.

A network of interconnected membranous sacs (cisternae) that lack ribosomes on their surface.

The synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones.

The removal of toxins and harmful substances from the body.

Process of breaking down alcohol.

Storage of calcium ions, which play a crucial role in muscle contraction and other cellular processes.

A stack of flattened membranous sacs involved in processing, sorting, modifying, and packaging newly synthesized lipids and proteins.

The face of the Golgi apparatus that receives transport vesicles from the ER.

The face of the Golgi that releases vesicles containing processed and sorted proteins and lipids.

Vesicles that bud from the Golgi and transport materials to other parts of the cell.

Vesicles that bud from the Golgi and fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents outside the cell.

A mesh of secreted substances like glycoproteins and collagen that holds cells together and enables communication between them.

A protein receptor displayed by damaged blood vessel cells that triggers a cascade of events leading to blood clotting.

Channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, enabling the transport of signals and nutrients.

A watertight seal between animal cells, preventing leakage of materials between them.

Anchoring junctions that join animal cells together, providing structural support.

A close relationship between two organisms of different species where both benefit.

A type of symbiosis where one organism lives inside the other.

A large, central organelle in plant cells that regulates water concentration and provides turgor pressure.

The outward pressure exerted by the fluid inside a plant cell, giving it its firmness.

The process where host cells engulfed aerobic bacteria and cyanobacteria and didn't destroy them, leading to mitochondria and chloroplasts.

The process in which a host cell engulfs a foreign particle or organism.

The ability of a cell to control the movement of substances across its membrane.

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high to low water concentration.

The movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of high to low concentration, requiring no energy.