Cell Biology Chapter 5 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of cell division?

  • To eliminate waste products from the cell
  • To produce energy for the cell
  • To regulate temperature within the cell
  • To allow an organism to reproduce and support tissue growth (correct)

    • Which of the following best defines a chromosome?

  • A type of protein complex in the nucleus
  • A long strand of DNA wrapped around proteins (correct)
  • A single strand of RNA
  • A pair of cells that are identical

    • How many chromosomes do human somatic cells typically contain?

  • 23
  • 46 (correct)
  • 92
  • 48

    • During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes condense and become visible?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during prometaphase of the cell cycle?

    <p>The nuclear envelope begins to break down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sister chromatids?

    <p>Two identical copies of the original chromosome joined together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure attaches to chromatids during prometaphase?

    <p>Kinetochores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Chromosomes that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the bleached region of the microtubules when chromosomes are both reeled in and walked in by motor proteins?

    <p>It will move to the left.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component primarily supports the contraction of the cleavage furrow during cell division?

    <p>Myosin motors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During binary fission in prokaryotes, which event occurs first?

    <p>The single chromosome replicates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of unregulated cell division?

    <p>Development of cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotic cells, which processes are involved in cell division?

    <p>Mitosis and meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is NOT influenced by genetic factors according to the described organismal traits?

    <p>Hair length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is involved in regulating cell division?

    <p>Series of checkpoints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the movement of chromosomes during cell division is accurate?

    <p>Motor proteins help reel in and walk chromosomes simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ploidy level of human gametes?

    <p>Haploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of meiosis is characterized by homologous chromosomes lining up at the metaphase plate?

    <p>Metaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis II?

    <p>Four haploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Anaphase I of meiosis?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of chromosomes in a human diploid somatic cell?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements is true regarding the ploidy of cells during the alteration of generations life cycle?

    <p>The life cycle alternates between diploid and haploid phases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the overall result of mitosis?

    <p>Two identical diploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of meiosis do the sister chromatids separate?

    <p>Anaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of independent assortment during meiosis?

    <p>It creates gametes with maternal and paternal chromosomes in a random mix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different combinations of chromosomes can be produced through independent assortment in humans?

    <p>More than 8 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could potentially happen if homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis?

    <p>One gamete may have an extra chromosome, while another lacks one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a genetic character from a trait?

    <p>A character refers to a heritable feature, while a trait is a variant of that feature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of random fertilization?

    <p>It increases genetic variation in the zygote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during anaphase if chromatids fail to separate?

    <p>Both daughter cells will receive extra genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the blending hypothesis?

    <p>It posits that offspring traits are a mix of parental traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Blending Hypothesis propose about genetic inheritance?

    <p>Genetic material tends to blend, producing intermediate traits in offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the Particulate Hypothesis?

    <p>Parents pass on distinct heritable units called genes that remain unchanged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant benefit of using model organisms in biological research?

    <p>They share many genetic similarities with humans and can help derive insights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage do snow peas offer for genetic experiments?

    <p>They have visually discernible traits and can be grown in large numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how Mendel performed controlled matings in snow peas?

    <p>He removed stamens from one flower and transferred pollen from another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Mendel's hybridization method, what are the true-breeding parents referred to as?

    <p>P generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many alleles does an organism inherit for each character, according to Mendel's model?

    <p>One allele from each parent, for a total of two.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of alternative versions of genes in Mendel's model?

    <p>They account for variations in inherited characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is most likely to yield recombinant phenotypes in offspring?

    <p>Genes located far apart on the same chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability of obtaining two independent events, both having a probability of 1/4?

    <p>1/16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inheritance pattern is best exemplified by a pink flower resulting from a cross between a red flower and a white flower?

    <p>Incomplete dominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic concept is illustrated by the existence of blood types A, B, AB, and O?

    <p>Multiple alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pleiotropy refers to which of the following?

    <p>A gene affecting multiple traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a cell's genotype is Cc, what type of inheritance pattern is demonstrated if it leads to a pink phenotype?

    <p>Incomplete dominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inheritance involves traits that show a continuous variation, such as height or skin color?

    <p>Polygenic inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a pedigree, which of the following patterns would suggest an autosomal recessive inheritance?

    <p>The trait skips generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

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