Cell Division and Chromosomes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does growth depend on?

Cells must first make a complete copy of their DNA before cell division

What are chromosomes?

Chromosomes are condensed, organized structures of DNA that become visible during cell division.

Describe prokaryotic cells and their DNA.

Prokaryotic cells have a single, circular DNA molecule called a nucleoid that is not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus.

Eukaryotic chromosomes contain DNA tightly bound to proteins called ______.

histones Signup and view all the answers

DNA + histones = [blank]

Chromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is chromatin?

Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins called histones, which together form the building blocks of chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

When does chromatin condense into chromosomes?

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes during cell division, specifically during the prophase stage of mitosis, which helps ensure proper distribution of genetic material to the daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

Why do we have chromosomes?

Chromosomes are important for efficiently packing and organizing DNA within the nucleus, which helps ensure that DNA is replicated and distributed accurately during cell division. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the cell cycle?

The cell cycle is the orderly sequence of events that take place in a cell from its formation to its division into two daughter cells. This cycle is crucial for growth, repair, and reproduction in all living organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the prokaryotic cell cycle.

The prokaryotic cell cycle involves a single, circular DNA molecule that replicates, followed by binary fission, where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

The four stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle are G1, S, G2, and M. Signup and view all the answers

What does interphase consist of?

Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2. Signup and view all the answers

What does the “M phase” represent?

The “M phase” represents the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during G1?

During G1, the cell grows and carries out its normal metabolic activities. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two stages of the M phase (cell division)?

The two stages of the M phase are mitosis and cytokinesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is mitosis?

Mitosis is a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells where the replicated chromosomes are separated into two identical nuclei. Signup and view all the answers

What is cytokinesis?

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm of a cell into two daughter cells after mitosis. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four phases of mitosis?

The four phases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Signup and view all the answers

Describe what happens during prophase. Include a picture.

During prophase, the replicated chromosomes condense and become visible as distinct structures. The nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle fibers begin to form. Signup and view all the answers

What are centrioles?

Centrioles are small, cylindrical structures found in animal cells that help organize the microtubules of the cytoskeleton, particularly during cell division. Signup and view all the answers

What are sister chromatids?

Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a replicated chromosome that are connected at the centromere, forming a pair of chromatids. Signup and view all the answers

Describe what happens during cytokinesis. Include a picture.

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells, physically separating the newly formed nuclei. Signup and view all the answers

Explain cytokinesis in animal cells.

In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage furrow formation. A cleavage furrow is an indentation that gradually forms in the plasma membrane and eventually pinches off into two daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

Explain cytokinesis in plant cells.

In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs differently. Instead of a cleavage furrow, a cell plate forms at the middle of the parent cell between the divided nuclei, which eventually becomes the new cell wall separating the two daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

Sister chromatids are attached to each other at an area called the

centromere (D) Signup and view all the answers

If a cell has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis and cytokinesis?

12 (C) Signup and view all the answers

In plant cells, what forms midway between the divided nuclei during cytokinesis?

cell plate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Role of chromosomes in cell division

Chromosomes carry genetic information (DNA) and must be duplicated before cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set.

Cell Cycle Stages

The ordered sequence of events in a cell's life from one division to the next, including interphase (G1, S, G2) and the mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis).

Mitosis Phases

The division of the nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei. Four main stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Daughter cell separation after Meiosis

Daughter cells separate after a complex process involving two rounds of division, creating four unique cells, each with half the original chromosome number.