Eukaryotic Cell Division and Chromosomes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What best distinguishes living things from nonliving matter?

  • Ability to develop from a fertilized cell
  • Ability to repair
  • Ability to grow
  • Ability to reproduce (correct)

    • What is the role of cell division in multicellular organisms?

  • Development from a fertilized cell
  • Growth
  • Repair
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What do daughter cells resulting from cell division have?

  • Partially identical genetic information
  • Different genetic information
  • No genetic information
  • Identical genetic information (correct)

    • What constitutes the cell's genome?

    <p>All the DNA in a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cells can a genome consist of a single DNA molecule?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are DNA molecules in a cell packaged?

    <p>Into chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a gene?

    <p>Fundamental unit of heredity responsible for a given trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental role of cell division?

    <p>Reproduction of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the continuity of life based on?

    <p>Reproduction of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the genome of prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Number of DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cell division in repair?

    <p>Cell regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic material in a cell called?

    <p>Genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus for every eukaryotic species?

    <p>It varies among different eukaryotic species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between somatic cells and gametes in terms of chromosomes?

    <p>Somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes, while gametes have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of eukaryotic chromosomes?

    <p>Chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to DNA in preparation for cell division?

    <p>It is replicated and the chromosomes condense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chromatid?

    <p>A copy of a newly copied chromosome joined to the original copy by a single centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sub-phases of interphase?

    <p>G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main events of the cell cycle?

    <p>Mitotic (M) phase and Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the division of the nucleus called?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the centrosome in cell division?

    <p>It contains the centrioles and serves to organize microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cytokinesis occur in animal cells?

    <p>By a process known as cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the phases of mitosis?

    <p>Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that separates during cell division?

    <p>Centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cell division is not important for the development from a fertilized cell, growth, and repair in multicellular organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genome of a cell can consist of a single DNA molecule in eukaryotic cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each DNA molecule in a cell is packaged into a chromosome.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A gene is not responsible for a given trait.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cell division does not result in daughter cells with identical genetic information.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell’s genome.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The continuity of life is not based on the reproduction of cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ability of organisms to reproduce does not distinguish living things from nonliving matter.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cell division does not play a role in repair for multicellular organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytokinesis occurs in animal cells through the formation of a cleavage furrow.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genome of prokaryotic cells is not distinguished from eukaryotic cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cell division does not result in genetically identical daughter cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Somatic cells have one set of chromosomes, while gametes have two sets of chromosomes as many as somatic cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, which join during cell division.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The cell cycle consists of Mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) and Interphase (cell growth and chromosome condensation).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Cytokinesis in animal cells occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming a cell plate, while in plant cells, a cleavage furrow forms during cytokinesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The centrosome is a small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus that contains the centrioles and serves to organize microtubules.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of RNA and protein that condenses during cell division.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: DNA is replicated and the chromosomes decondense in preparation for cell division.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Mitosis is conventionally divided into four phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: In eukaryotic cell division, the division of the cytoplasm is called cytokinesis, while the division of the nucleus is called mitosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A chromatid is a copy of a newly copied chromosome joined to the original copy by two centromeres.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Every eukaryotic species has the same number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Interphase can be divided into three sub-phases: G1 phase, S phase, and G3 phase.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cell division is not important for the development from a fertilized cell, growth, and repair in multicellular organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of RNA and protein that condenses during cell division.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genome of prokaryotic cells is not distinguished from eukaryotic cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Every eukaryotic species has the same number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytokinesis in animal cells occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming a cell plate, while in plant cells, a cleavage furrow forms during cytokinesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell cycle consists of Mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) and Interphase (cell growth and chromosome condensation).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A gene is not responsible for a given trait.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The continuity of life is not based on the reproduction of cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cell division does not result in genetically identical daughter cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ability of organisms to reproduce does not distinguish living things from nonliving matter.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitosis is conventionally divided into four phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Somatic cells have one set of chromosomes, while gametes have two sets of chromosomes as many as somatic cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, which separate during cell division.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Mitosis is conventionally divided into five phases: Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Interphase can be divided into sub-phases: G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes, while gametes have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The cell cycle consists of Mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) and Interphase (cell growth and chromosome copying).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The centrosome is a small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus that contains the centrioles and serves to organize microtubules.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms during cytokinesis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: DNA is replicated and the chromosomes condense in preparation for cell division.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The genome of a cell can consist of a single DNA molecule in eukaryotic cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Cytokinesis in animal cells occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming a cell plate, while in plant cells, a cleavage furrow forms during cytokinesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with their roles in cell division:

    <p>Cleavage furrow = Occurs during cytokinesis in animal cells Cell plate = Forms during cytokinesis in plant cells Centrosome = Organizes microtubules and contains centrioles Chromatin = Condenses into chromosomes during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with their roles in the cell cycle:

    <p>Mitotic (M) phase = Includes mitosis and cytokinesis Interphase = Involves cell growth and chromosome condensation Centrioles = Found in the centrosome and organize microtubules Chromosome = Consists of DNA and condenses during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with their descriptions:

    <p>Genome = All the DNA in a cell Gene = Fundamental unit of heredity responsible for a given trait Sister chromatids = Joined copies of a duplicated chromosome Daughter cells = Result from cell division and have identical genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with their importance in multicellular organisms:

    <p>Reproduction of cells = Basis for the continuity of life Cell division = Important for development, growth, and repair Chromosome = Contains genetic information Cytokinesis = Part of the cell cycle involving division of the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Chromatin = A complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division Sister chromatids = Two copies of a chromosome joined by a single centromere Mitosis = The division of the nucleus Cytokinesis = The division of the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell cycle phases with their descriptions:

    <p>G1 phase = Cell growth and normal cell functions S phase = Chromosome replication G2 phase = Cell growth and preparation for cell division M phase = Includes mitosis and cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following mitosis phases with their descriptions:

    <p>Prophase = Chromosomes condense and become visible Prometaphase = Nuclear envelope breaks down and microtubules attach to chromosomes Metaphase = Chromosomes align at the cell's equator Anaphase = Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statements with the correct cell type:

    <p>Somatic cells = Have two sets of chromosomes Gametes = Have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells Animal cells = Undergo cytokinesis by cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow Plant cells = Form a cell plate during cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with their roles in the cell cycle:

    <p>Mitosis = Cell nucleus division Cytokinesis = Cell cytoplasm division Interphase = Cell growth and chromosome copying Chromosomes = Contain genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with their importance in multicellular organisms:

    <p>Cell division = Development from a fertilized cell Cell growth = Growth DNA molecules = Packaged into chromosomes Genetic information = Basis for heredity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell cycle phases with their descriptions:

    <p>Prophase = Chromosomes condense and become visible Metaphase = Chromosomes align at the cell's equator Anaphase = Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles Telophase = Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and decondense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell cycle phases with their descriptions:

    <p>Interphase = Cell growth and chromosome copying Mitotic (M) phase = Division of the nucleus and cytoplasm Prophase = Chromosomes condense and centrosomes move apart Cytokinesis = Division of the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Chromatin = Complex of DNA and protein in eukaryotic chromosomes Centrosome = Region of cytoplasm organizing microtubules and containing centrioles Sister chromatids = Duplicated chromosomes joined at the centromere Cleavage furrow = Indentation formed during cytokinesis in animal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their occurrences in cell division:

    <p>DNA replication = Occurs in preparation for cell division Chromosome condensation = Precedes cell division and results in visible chromosomes Separation of sister chromatids = Occurs during cell division Formation of a cell plate = Occurs during cytokinesis in plant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Eukaryotic Cell Division and Chromosomes

    • Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus
    • Somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes, while gametes have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells
    • Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division
    • In preparation for cell division, DNA is replicated and the chromosomes condense
    • Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, which separate during cell division
    • A chromatid is a copy of a newly copied chromosome joined to the original copy by a single centromere
    • The cell cycle consists of Mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) and Interphase (cell growth and chromosome copying)
    • Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm
    • Interphase can be divided into sub-phases: G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase
    • Mitosis is conventionally divided into five phases: Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
    • The centrosome is a small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus that contains the centrioles and serves to organize microtubules
    • In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms during cytokinesis

    Eukaryotic Cell Division and Chromosomes

    • Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus
    • Somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes, while gametes have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells
    • Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division
    • In preparation for cell division, DNA is replicated and the chromosomes condense
    • Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, which separate during cell division
    • A chromatid is a copy of a newly copied chromosome joined to the original copy by a single centromere
    • The cell cycle consists of Mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) and Interphase (cell growth and chromosome copying)
    • Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm
    • Interphase can be divided into sub-phases: G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase
    • Mitosis is conventionally divided into five phases: Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
    • The centrosome is a small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus that contains the centrioles and serves to organize microtubules
    • In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms during cytokinesis

    Eukaryotic Cell Division and Chromosomes

    • Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus
    • Somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes, while gametes have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells
    • Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division
    • In preparation for cell division, DNA is replicated and the chromosomes condense
    • Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, which separate during cell division
    • A chromatid is a copy of a newly copied chromosome joined to the original copy by a single centromere
    • The cell cycle consists of Mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) and Interphase (cell growth and chromosome copying)
    • Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm
    • Interphase can be divided into sub-phases: G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase
    • Mitosis is conventionally divided into five phases: Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
    • The centrosome is a small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus that contains the centrioles and serves to organize microtubules
    • In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms during cytokinesis

    Eukaryotic Cell Division and Chromosomes

    • Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus
    • Somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes, while gametes have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells
    • Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division
    • In preparation for cell division, DNA is replicated and the chromosomes condense
    • Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, which separate during cell division
    • A chromatid is a copy of a newly copied chromosome joined to the original copy by a single centromere
    • The cell cycle consists of Mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) and Interphase (cell growth and chromosome copying)
    • Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm
    • Interphase can be divided into sub-phases: G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase
    • Mitosis is conventionally divided into five phases: Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
    • The centrosome is a small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus that contains the centrioles and serves to organize microtubules
    • In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms during cytokinesis

    Eukaryotic Cell Division and Chromosomes

    • Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus
    • Somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes, while gametes have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells
    • Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division
    • In preparation for cell division, DNA is replicated and the chromosomes condense
    • Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, which separate during cell division
    • A chromatid is a copy of a newly copied chromosome joined to the original copy by a single centromere
    • The cell cycle consists of Mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) and Interphase (cell growth and chromosome copying)
    • Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm
    • Interphase can be divided into sub-phases: G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase
    • Mitosis is conventionally divided into five phases: Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
    • The centrosome is a small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus that contains the centrioles and serves to organize microtubules
    • In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms during cytokinesis

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