Cell Biology Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the lowest level of organization of matter that has the ability to perform activities attributed to life?

  • Cell (correct)
  • Organ
  • Molecule
  • Tissue
  • Who first used the term 'cell' in biology and when?

  • Rudolf Virchow in 1855
  • Robert Hooke in 1665 (correct)
  • Mathias Schleiden in 1838
  • Theodor Schwann in 1839
  • Which scientist concluded that animals are composed of cells?

  • Rudolf Virchow
  • Mathias Schleiden
  • Robert Hooke
  • Theodor Schwann (correct)
  • Who proposed that all organisms are made up of one or more cells?

    <p>Mathias Schleiden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of structure of all organisms according to the cell theory?

    <p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'New cells could only arise from existing cells' - Who made this observation?

    <p>Rudolf Virchow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does protein synthesis occur in a cell?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is known as the 'Roads' of the cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives Rough ER its rough appearance?

    <p>Presence of ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle helps in making proteins?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for packaging, modifying, and transporting materials within a cell?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Smooth ER in a cell?

    <p>Making fats or lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cytoplasm vacuoles?

    <p>Increase cell size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of plastids in a plant cell?

    <p>Site of photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives chromoplasts their yellow, orange, or red color?

    <p>Carotenoid pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is known for temporarily storing starch in plants?

    <p>Leucoplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorophyll in a chloroplast?

    <p>Absorbing solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid-filled region enclosed by the two membranes of a chloroplast called?

    <p>Stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of peroxisomes in the cell?

    <p>Breaking down fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is known as the 'Clean-up Crews' of the cell?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of microbodies called glyoxysomes?

    <p>Convert fats into carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytoskeletal element is responsible for cell shape and movement within the cell?

    <p>Actin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of centrioles primarily composed of?

    <p>Microtubule triplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is abundant in the liver and helps in breaking down fats?

    <p>Peroxisomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell wall in plant cells?

    <p>Provides support and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in green plants and algae?

    <p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the cell wall?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide?

    <p>Perixosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?

    <p>Secretion of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the main genome located within a cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fundamental Concepts of Biology

    • The lowest level of organization of matter capable of performing life activities is a cell.
    • The term 'cell' in biology was first used by Robert Hooke in 1665.

    Cell Theory and Discoveries

    • Theodor Schwann concluded that animals are composed of cells.
    • Matthias Schleiden proposed that all organisms are made up of one or more cells.
    • According to cell theory, the basic unit of structure for all organisms is the cell.
    • Rudolf Virchow observed that "new cells could only arise from existing cells".

    Cellular Functions and Organelles

    • Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes of the cell.
    • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is known as the 'roads' of the cell.
    • The Rough ER obtains its rough appearance from ribosomes attached to its surface.
    • The Ribosomes help in making proteins.
    • The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging, modifying, and transporting materials within a cell.
    • Smooth ER functions to synthesize lipids and detoxify drugs and poisons.
    • Cytoplasm vacuoles store nutrients and maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.

    Plant Cellular Components

    • Plastids in plant cells perform various functions including photosynthesis and storage of products.
    • Chromoplasts derive their yellow, orange, or red color from carotenoids.
    • The amyloplast is known for temporarily storing starch in plants.
    • Chlorophyll in chloroplasts plays a crucial role in capturing light energy for photosynthesis.
    • The fluid-filled region enclosed by the two membranes of a chloroplast is called the stroma.

    Organelles and Their Functions

    • The main function of peroxisomes is to break down hydrogen peroxide and other harmful substances.
    • Lysosomes are known as the 'clean-up crews' of the cell, digesting waste materials and cellular debris.
    • Glyoxysomes are microbodies that help convert stored fats into carbohydrates during seed germination.
    • Microfilaments are the cytoskeletal elements responsible for maintaining cell shape and enabling cell movement.
    • Centrioles are primarily composed of microtubules and play a role in cell division.

    Specialized Functions

    • The smooth ER is crucial for lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.
    • The plant cell wall functions primarily to provide rigidity and protection.
    • The site of photosynthesis in green plants and algae is the chloroplast.
    • The main component of the cell wall is cellulose.
    • The peroxisome is involved in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide.
    • The endoplasmic reticulum functions in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids.
    • The main genome in a cell is located within the nucleus.

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    Description

    Learn about the fundamental unit of life, the cell, and its functions such as nutrition, biosynthesis, and growth. Explore the history of cell discovery and its origins from the Latin word 'cella'.

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