6 Questions
What is the main difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles.
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in a cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What unique structures do plant cells have that animal cells lack?
Chloroplasts and cell wall
Which cell part is responsible for breaking down cell debris?
Vacuole
What is the function of cilia in some cells?
Respiratory tract cells with hair-like projections
Which type of cells produce energy in an organism?
Mitochondria
Study Notes
- Cells are the smallest living units of an organism and all cells share common features like a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA.
- There are two main categories of cells: eukaryotic cells (more advanced with a nucleus and organelles) and prokaryotic cells (simpler, without a nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles).
- Organelles are specialized cell parts with unique functions, such as the nucleus (containing DNA and nucleolus), ribosomes (synthesize proteins), endoplasmic reticulum (transport materials), Golgi apparatus (modify proteins), vacuoles (store materials), lysosomes (break down cell debris), mitochondria (produce energy), and cytoskeleton (maintains cell shape).
- Plant cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis and a cell wall for support, while animal cells lack a cell wall.
- Some cells have unique structures like cilia (respiratory tract cells with hair-like projections) and flagella (some bacteria and sperm cells with tail for movement).
Test your knowledge on the basics of cell biology, including the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, the functions of different organelles, and unique structures found in cells. Learn about common features like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA.
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