Cell Biology Basics

Study Notes

Cell Structure

Plasma membrane: thin, semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell
Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes take place
Nucleus: control center of the cell where DNA is stored
Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage
Ribosomes: small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis
Lysosomes: membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes and help break down and recycle cellular waste

Cell Types

Prokaryotic cells: lack a true nucleus, found in bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotic cells: have a true nucleus, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists

Cellular Processes

Cellular respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose
Photosynthesis: process by which plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy
Cell division: process by which cells reproduce, including mitosis and meiosis
Protein synthesis: process by which cells create proteins from amino acids
Cell signaling: process by which cells communicate with each other through signaling molecules

Cell Functions

Growth and development: cells grow and develop to form tissues and organs
Maintenance of homeostasis: cells help maintain a stable internal environment
Response to stimuli: cells respond to stimuli such as light, touch, and temperature
Reproduction: cells reproduce to form new cells and organisms

Description

Test your knowledge of cell structure, types, and functions, including cellular processes and biology basics. Learn about the components of a cell, cell division, and cellular respiration. Assess your understanding of cell signaling, growth, and development.