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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
What is the location of ribosome synthesis?
What is the resolution of a light microscope?
What is the function of lysosomes?
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What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
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Who is credited with formulating the cell theory?
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What is the location of DNA in the cell?
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What type of microscope produces a three-dimensional image of the cell surface?
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What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
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Who is credited with the discovery of microorganisms using a microscope?
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Study Notes
Cell Organelles
-
Plasma Membrane:
- Also known as the cell membrane or cytoplasmic membrane
- Semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment
- Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
-
Nucleus:
- Control center of the cell where DNA is stored
- Surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope
- Contains nucleolus, where ribosome synthesis occurs
-
Other Organelles:
- Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes for breaking down and recycling cellular waste
- Golgi Apparatus: involved in protein modification, sorting, and secretion
Structures of Microscope
-
Light Microscope:
- Uses visible light to produce an image
- Limited resolution (0.2-0.3 μm)
-
Electron Microscope:
- Uses a beam of electrons to produce an image
- Higher resolution (1-10 nm) than light microscope
-
Scanning Electron Microscope:
- Produces a three-dimensional image of the cell surface
- Higher resolution than light microscope
Discoveries about Cells
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1676): first observed microorganisms using a microscope
-
Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann (1839): formulated the cell theory, which states that:
- All living organisms are composed of cells
- Cells are the basic units of life
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Basic Functions of Cells
- Metabolism: cells carry out chemical reactions to maintain homeostasis and energy production
- Growth and Development: cells divide, grow, and differentiate to form tissues and organs
- Response to Stimuli: cells respond to changes in their environment through signal transduction pathways
- Reproduction: cells divide to produce new cells, ensuring the continuation of life
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Description
Test your knowledge of cell organelles, microscope structures, and basic functions of cells. Learn about the cell theory, cellular metabolism, and more!
