Cell and Organelles Structure and Function Quiz

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What is the method used for observing cells under a microscope in the 17th century?

Phase-contrast microscopy

Fluorescence microscopy

Electron microscopy

Light microscopy (correct)

Which type of microscopy is used to study unstained specimens under brightfield?

Confocal microscopy

Phase-contrast microscopy (correct)

Fluorescence microscopy

Electron microscopy

What is the ratio used to compare the surface area to the volume of a cell?

Area-to-volume (A-to-V) ratio

Surface-to-area (S-to-A) ratio

Surface-to-volume (S-to-V) ratio (correct)

Volume-to-surface (V-to-S) ratio

Which type of electron microscopy is used to study frozen-hydrated specimens at cryogenic temperatures?

Cryo-EM (Cryo-electron microscopy) Signup and view all the answers

Who drew the first representation of cells in 1665?

Robert Hook Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of villi in the small intestine?

To increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

No nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Strengthens tissues and transmits external signals to cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the general function of plasma membrane in biological cells?

A selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of root hairs in plants?

To increase surface area for absorbing water and minerals Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) over traditional TEM?

Higher resolution and better preservation of sample structure Signup and view all the answers

In terms of cell size, why is it advantageous for cells to have a high surface-to-volume (S-to-V) ratio?

Facilitates efficient exchange of materials with the environment Signup and view all the answers

Which microscopy technique is best suited for studying unstained specimens under brightfield?

Light microscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of using light microscopy to study cells?

Limited resolution for observing subcellular structures Signup and view all the answers

Why are electron microscopes preferred for studying subcellular structures over light microscopes?

Electron microscopes have shorter wavelengths, enabling higher resolution imaging Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the glycocalyx in animal cells?

Strengthens tissues and transmits external signals to the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in both plant and animal cells?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of root hairs in plants?

Increased surface area for absorbing water and minerals Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell junction forms watertight seals between two cells?

Tight junctions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Internal transport and compartmentalization Signup and view all the answers