Cell Aging and Organelle Functions

False (B)

oxidized, misfolded, cross-linked, or aggregated proteins

<p>buffering</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innate immunity = Immediate response to infections Adaptive immunity = Long-lasting response based on previous exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-amplifying spread of senescence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decline in cellular integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cellular senescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vulnerability to damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which cells accumulate damage over time, leading to a decline in function. This damage can be caused by various factors, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and telomere shortening.

A state in which cells stop dividing and enter a state of permanent growth arrest. This occurs due to damage accumulation and is characterized by changes in cellular function and morphology.

A group of secreted factors released by senescent cells that can influence the behavior of neighboring cells. These factors often contribute to inflammation and tissue dysfunction.

The theory states that once the number of senescent cells in an organism exceeds a certain threshold, the SASP they release overwhelms the immune system's ability to clear them, leading to chronic inflammation and disease.

The branch of the immune system that provides the first line of defense against pathogens and other harmful substances. It is characterized by its rapid response and non-specificity.

The part of the immune system that is responsible for adapting to specific pathogens and generating long-lasting immunity. It is characterized by its slow response and high specificity

The ability of an organism to maintain stability and function in the face of environmental and internal challenges. This ability is crucial for avoiding disease and maintaining a healthy lifespan.

A state of increased vulnerability to stress and damage, often associated with aging. This reduced ability to cope with stressors can lead to a decline in health and function.

The network of molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms that helps maintain the integrity of an organism. It works to buffer against damage, ensuring proper function and repair.

The ability of an organism to withstand different types of stress and maintain its function. This is crucial for maintaining health and longevity.