Cell Aging Process Overview

<p>Increased permeability due to saturated fatty acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They determine the lifespan of cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stabilized hormonal levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction in mitochondrial cristae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IGF signaling pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trade-offs between growth and maintenance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased maintenance functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life-span extending mutations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin signaling is unlikely to play a role in aging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased resistance to oxidative stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of aging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cancer risk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They shorten with cell division and are connected to aging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide structural integrity to chromosomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maintains telomere length. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They promote cellular aging and senescence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It senses DNA damage and can halt cell division. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of p53 function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as a molecular clock counting cell divisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They induce apoptosis or growth arrest in damaged cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prevent chromosomes from merging and causing instability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have shorter telomeres than young cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell undergoes growth arrest and may die. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aging increases cancer risk due to accumulated somatic mutations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to a significant reduction in the effects of aging. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is triggered by potential cancer-causing events. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They disrupt normal tissue differentiation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased lysosomal count. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The accumulation of mutations from DNA damage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A biological process that causes an organism to become less healthy and fit for its environment.

Refers to changes in gene expression that occur throughout life, influencing the aging process.

Changes in the plasma membrane that lead to increased permeability and decreased fluidity due to an increase in saturated fatty acids.

The process of DNA becoming more tightly packed in aging cells, hindering DNA repair.

An accumulation of cellular waste in the cytoplasm, often seen in aging non-dividing cells like nerve and muscle cells.

A reduction in the number of folds (cristae) and mitochondria in aged cells, leading to decreased energy production.

Decreased activity of lysosomes leads to a buildup of cellular waste and the release of enzymes that can cause cell death.

Programmed cell death, characterized by specific DNA fragmentation, playing a role in both development and aging.

The accumulation of mutations in cells over time, primarily caused by DNA damage from internal and external sources.

Genes that help protect against cancer by causing damaged cells to either die or stop dividing (apoptosis or senescence).

The idea that there's a balance between the benefits of tumor suppression (guarding against cancer) and the potential downsides of cellular aging.

A state where cells stop dividing and, in response to potential cancer-causing events, exhibit specific changes in structure and function.

The gradual deterioration of cell function and structure leading to aging, often viewed as the consequence of cellular senescence.

The process of restricting calorie intake after adulthood to potentially slow down aging and extend lifespan observed in lab animals.

The ability of some organisms to replace damaged or lost tissues after injury, promoting longevity and potentially preventing aging-related decline.

The period in an organism's lifespan where it shows a high rate of cell division and growth, potentially contributing to a shorter lifespan due to increased risk of harmful mutations.

A signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, stress responses, and maintenance functions, ultimately influencing lifespan.

A group of genes that are involved in the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway, potentially impacting aging.

The idea that organisms allocate resources between growth, reproduction, and maintenance, influencing their lifespan. For example, in harsh environments, resources are directed towards maintenance, leading to longer lifespans but potentially reduced reproduction, while in favorable environments, resources are allocated towards growth and reproduction.

A hormone that plays a vital role in the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway, regulating growth, maintenance, and potentially impacting lifespan.

A receptor for insulin and insulin-like growth factors, involved in the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway, potentially regulating lifespan and oxidative stress resistance.

A type of stress caused by the accumulation of free radicals, which can damage cells and contribute to aging.

A gene involved in regulating cell growth and apoptosis, potentially implicated in cancer and aging.

Protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division, potentially contributing to aging.

Repetitive DNA sequences found at the ends of chromosomes, protecting them from degradation and fusion.

A six-nucleotide sequence (TTAGGG) that repeats thousands of times within telomeres.

An enzyme that adds DNA to the ends of chromosomes, lengthening telomeres and potentially extending cell lifespan.

The process by which cells stop dividing due to shortened telomeres.

A checkpoint mechanism that senses DNA damage, including short telomeres, and halts cell division to prevent errors.

Cancer cells often have active telomerase, allowing them to maintain telomere length and continue dividing indefinitely.

As cells age, their telomeres shorten, contributing to the aging process.

Telomeres act as a biological clock, limiting the number of times a cell can divide before senescence.