Uzma Topics Chapter 2 mcq create with chatgpt4 from pdf

Which of the following is a cell adhesion molecule important for stable cell-cell junctions?

Which organism is widely used as a simple multicellular model for developmental studies?

Which entity is a nuclear body involved in the assembly of snRNPs?

What is the primary function of calmodulin in cells?

The Calvin cycle is primarily associated with which of the following processes?

Which of the following is a kinase involved in the response to cyclic AMP (cAMP)?

What is the main function of cAMP phosphodiesterase in cellular processes?

What best describes cancer in medical terms?

Which of the following is best characterized as a molecule with the formula (CH2O)n?

What is a carcinogen?

Cardiolipin is best described as which of the following?

What is the primary role of a carrier protein?

What is the primary purpose of CAR-T cell therapy?

What is a caspase?

Catabolism is best described as:

What is the function of catalase in cells?

Caveolae are best described as:

What is CCND1?

Which of the following is primarily involved in the process of photosynthesis, specifically in the Calvin cycle, where atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds?

Which term refers to a nematode model organism widely used in molecular and developmental biology?

What is the name of the specialized structure found within the nucleus of cells that is involved in the assembly of ribonucleoproteins and RNA processing?

Which term describes a calcium-binding messenger protein that plays a role in various cellular processes, such as muscle contraction and intracellular signaling?

Which term refers to the metabolic pathways that build up molecules from smaller units and typically consume energy in the process?

What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, thus protecting the cell from oxidative damage?

Which term refers to small, invaginated pockets in the plasma membrane, often involved in cell signaling and endocytosis?

What is the name of the cell cycle regulatory protein that interacts with cyclins to control cell cycle progression?

Which protein plays a crucial role in the formation of the mitotic spindle and is essential for the process of cell division?

What is the term for a small, circular DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separate from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently?

What is the name of the process where cells lose contact inhibition, leading to uncontrolled growth and division, often observed in cancer cells?

Which term describes the outer protective structure found in plants, algae, fungi, and certain bacteria, providing rigidity and strength?

What is the name of the carbohydrate polymer that forms an integral part of the cell wall in plants and gives wood and paper their strength?

Which protein complex is responsible for assembling cellulose chains into microfibrils during the formation of plant cell walls?

What is the term for the central part of a chromosome that plays a crucial role in the attachment of spindle fibers during cell division?

Which organelle in eukaryotic cells is the site where microtubules are organized and includes structures like the spindle poles during cell division?

Which type of protein forms channels in cellular membranes, allowing the selective movement of specific ions or molecules across the membrane?

What is the term for proteins that assist in the folding and unfolding of other macromolecules, helping them achieve or maintain their functional three-dimensional structure?

Which kinase plays a pivotal role in the DNA damage response, activating cell cycle checkpoints and coordinating DNA repair with cell cycle progression?

What is the term for the mechanism by which ATP is generated in mitochondria, involving the movement of protons across a membrane?

What is the name of the rigid, structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of insects and other arthropods?

Which term refers to the green pigment in plants and algae that absorbs light to provide energy for photosynthesis?

What is the name of the organelle in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs?

Which lipid molecule is an essential component of cell membranes and also serves as a precursor for steroid hormones?

What is the term for the complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the cell nucleus?

What is the name of the technique used in molecular biology to enrich a specific DNA sequence in its native chromatin context?

Which term describes factors that modify the structure of chromatin without altering the DNA sequence, thereby regulating gene expression?

What is the name of the structure that consists of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins, forming the basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes?

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis and storage of pigments like carotenoids in plant cells?

What is the term for a structure in the cell nucleus that is involved in the organization and packaging of DNA into chromosomes?

Which method is used to study the three-dimensional organization of the genome within the cell nucleus?

What is the name of the hair-like projections on the surface of some cells, important for movement and sensory functions?

Which term describes DNA sequences that regulate the transcription of a nearby gene and are located on the same DNA molecule?

What is the name of the series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?

Which process involves the change of antibody classes without altering the antigen specificity in B cells?

What is the name of the protein responsible for the formation of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles, playing a crucial role in endocytosis and vesicle trafficking?

What is the term for the specialized structures in the cell membrane that are involved in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles?

What is the name of the vesicle formed by the clathrin protein that plays a key role in the endocytosis and transport of various molecules?

Which term describes the uptake of substances by a cell without the involvement of clathrin proteins?

What is the term for the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus?

Which type of kinase is involved in the activation of transcription factors in response to various cellular signals, often functioning in the cellular response to stress?

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP (cAMP) to AMP, thus playing a crucial role in cell signaling pathways?

Which term refers to the growth of cells in a controlled manner, often used in research for studying the biology of cells, including cancer research?

What is the term for the process where normal cells are converted into cancer cells, characterized by uncontrolled growth and division?

What is the name of the rigid structure surrounding the cells of plants and certain other organisms, providing support and protection?

Which type of molecule is a structural component of tissues such as skin and bone, providing strength and support?

What is the name of the protein fiber that provides tensile strength to collagen in tissues such as tendons and skin?

Which protein complex plays a crucial role in condensing chromosomes during cell division, ensuring proper chromosome segregation?

What is the term for a type of microscopy that uses a laser to illuminate a single plane of a specimen, reducing the blur from out-of-focus areas?

Which protein forms a gap junction in animal cells, allowing the transfer of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells?

What is the name of the channel formed by connexin proteins, enabling the direct transfer of substances between adjacent cells?

Which term refers to the phenomenon where cells stop dividing when they come into contact with other cells, a property lost in cancerous cells?

What is the name of the structure formed by actin and myosin filaments in a dividing cell, helping to pinch the cell into two daughter cells?

Which terms refer to the two types of coated vesicles involved in transporting materials between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus?

What is the term for the vesicle coated with COPI proteins, primarily involved in transporting materials from the Golgi apparatus back to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Which type of vesicle is coated with COPII proteins and is primarily involved in transporting materials from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus?

What is the term for a molecule that represses gene transcription by binding to a transcription factor or a specific site on DNA?

Which group of steroid hormones is produced in the adrenal cortex and is involved in various metabolic processes including the stress response?

What is the term for a strong chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Which protein is a transcription factor that becomes activated in response to cell stress and regulates genes controlling cell survival?

What is the term for the gene editing technology that allows for precise alterations to DNA sequences and has revolutionized genetic research?

Which term describes the inner membrane folds of mitochondria, involved in the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis?

What is the term for the interaction between different signaling pathways within a cell, allowing for integrated cellular responses to multiple signals?

Which protein binds to specific DNA sequences and plays a critical role in the organization and function of chromatin in the cell nucleus?

What is the name of the photosynthetic prokaryotes that were the first to produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

Which molecule serves as a secondary messenger in various biological processes and is formed from ATP by the action of the enzyme adenylate cyclase?

What is the term for the process in photosynthesis where electrons are transported in a circular path, exclusively used to produce ATP without the production of NADPH?

Which molecule is similar to cAMP and serves as a secondary messenger in various signal transduction pathways, especially in vision and smell?

What is the name of the regulatory proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase enzymes?

Which type of drug disrupts the formation of the actin cytoskeleton, often used in research to study cell motility and structure?

What is the name of the complex in the electron transport chain that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c while pumping protons across the mitochondrial membrane?

Which molecule is a key component of the electron transport chain and plays a crucial role in generating ATP in mitochondria?

What is the name of the enzyme complex that catalyzes the final step of the electron transport chain, where electrons are transferred to molecular oxygen?

Which type of molecule is released by cells in response to infection and inflammation, and plays a key role in the immune response?

What is the term for the family of receptors that bind cytokines and are involved in signaling processes that regulate the immune system?

Which process involves the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following mitosis or meiosis, resulting in two daughter cells?

What is the name of the plant hormone that promotes cell division and growth, and is used in agriculture to stimulate plant growth?

Which motor protein moves along microtubules in cells, transporting cellular cargo towards the minus end of the microtubule?

What is the term for one of the four main bases found in DNA, pairing with guanine to form the DNA structure?

Which term describes the network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence?

Which compound, also known as Coenzyme A (CoA-SH), is essential for the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, as well as the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle?

What is the name of the small, lipid-soluble electron carrier found in the mitochondria, which is part of the electron transport chain?

Which protein is involved in the disassembly of actin filaments and plays a significant role in cell movement and muscle contraction?

What is the name of the protein complex that holds sister chromatids together during mitosis and meiosis until they are separated during anaphase?

Which drug disrupts microtubule dynamics and is used in laboratory research to study cell division and chromosome movement?

What is the name of the alkaloid drug that binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule polymerization, used in both clinical medicine and laboratory research?

Which structural protein is the main component of connective tissue in animals and is found in skin, bones, and tendons, providing strength and elasticity?

What is the name of the structure composed of collagen fibers, providing tensile strength to various tissues such as tendons and skin?

Which multiprotein complex is crucial for the compaction of chromosomes during cell division, ensuring proper chromosome segregation?

What is the term for a type of microscopy that allows for the acquisition of high-resolution images by scanning specimens with a focused laser beam?

Which protein forms gap junctions in animal cells, allowing for the direct transfer of ions and small molecules between neighboring cells?

What is the name of the assembly of connexin proteins that forms a channel across the cell membrane, facilitating intercellular communication?

Which phenomenon occurs when cells stop dividing upon contact with each other, a mechanism often lost in cancer cells?

What is the term for the structure formed by actin filaments during cell division, which helps to divide the cell into two daughter cells?

Which terms refer to the types of vesicles involved in the transport of materials between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus?

What is the term for the vesicle coated with COPI proteins, primarily involved in the retrograde transport of materials from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Which type of vesicle is coated with COPII proteins and is primarily involved in anterograde transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus?

What is the name of the molecule that acts to repress gene transcription, either by binding to a transcription factor or a specific site on DNA?

Which group of steroid hormones, produced in the adrenal cortex, is involved in regulating metabolism, the immune response, and stress?

What is the term for a strong chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons?

Which protein is a transcription factor activated by cell stress and involved in regulating genes for cell survival and metabolism?

What groundbreaking gene-editing technology allows for specific modifications to DNA sequences and has significant implications for genetic research and therapy?

What term describes the inner membrane folds of mitochondria, which play a critical role in the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis?

Which term refers to the communication between different signal transduction pathways in a cell, enabling more integrated and coordinated cellular responses?

What is the name of the protein that binds to specific DNA sequences and plays a critical role in organizing and structuring chromatin in the cell nucleus?

Which group of photosynthetic prokaryotes played a significant role in the history of life on Earth by producing oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

What is the name of the secondary messenger molecule formed from ATP and involved in various cellular processes, including the regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism?