Causes of Neoplastic Growth Quiz

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What is the somatic mutation theory's explanation for the transformation to a neoplastic state?

Rapid tumor growth in children

Exposure to environmental irritants

Accumulation of mutations in the cell (correct)

Directly responsible oncogenic viruses

Which cancer-causing virus is directly mentioned as being responsible for tumor growth?

EBV

Epstein-Barr virus

HPV (correct)

C-type RNA viruses

Which symptom may lead to the delayed recognition of cancers in children?

Constipation

Headache (correct)

Bruising

Nosebleeds

In which organs do tumors most frequently occur in children according to the text?

Bone marrow, kidney, brain, abdomen (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is cachexia often associated with in children with rapidly growing tumors?

Loss of weight and anorexia (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with Burkitt lymphoma according to the text?

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a biopsy in the context of diagnosing cancer in children?

To confirm a diagnosis by analyzing tissue cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is tumor staging important in the treatment of cancer?

To establish an accurate prognosis and design an effective treatment program (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is bone marrow aspiration mentioned in the text?

As a type of biopsy frequently used with children (C) Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is used to document a malignant tumor's extent and progress?

Tumor staging (A) Signup and view all the answers

What might be indicated if a child undergoes a radiography, ultrasound, and MRI?

Diagnostic procedures to confirm cancer (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is thorough history taking important at health care visits for children?

To discover symptoms and enable early cancer detection (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of immune cells in a transplanted marrow during stem cell transplantation?

Help to kill remaining cancer cells in the child’s circulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which type of transplant are stem cells donated by someone who is histocompatible with the child?

Allogeneic transplant (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the new stem cells after they are transfused into the child intravenously?

They enter the bone marrow and begin to function after about 3 weeks (A) Signup and view all the answers

During the period before the transplanted marrow begins to function, why must everyone coming in contact with the child follow specific infection control precautions?

To reduce the risk of infections due to the child's low immunity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What may be necessary to maintain functional blood components until the transplanted marrow starts functioning?

Transfusion of blood products (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are some localized effects of chemotherapy?

Skin reactions and maintaining good skin hygiene (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of gloves should be worn when administering chemotherapeutic agents?

Sterile gloves (C) Signup and view all the answers

How can nausea and vomiting be prevented during chemotherapy?

Administering an antiemetic at 4- to 8-hour intervals during the course of therapy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are some categories of chemotherapeutic agents available?

Cytotoxic agents (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential side effects of cytotoxic agents?

Acute skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritations (C) Signup and view all the answers

How should chemotherapeutic agents that need mixing be prepared?

Under a specialized hood in the pharmacy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should not be encouraged for children who are nauseated during chemotherapy?

Eating (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is an IV line for adequate fluid intake prescribed for a drug such as cyclophosphamide?

To prevent cystitis caused by reduced fluid intake (D) Signup and view all the answers

What medication should parents be cautioned not to give to children receiving chemotherapy?

NSAIDs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is frequently used for children with cancer?

Transplantation of stem cells from the bone marrow of a well person (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can help maintain self-esteem for children and their parents during chemotherapy?

Frank discussion of symptoms and feelings about changes in body appearance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What medication may interfere with the effectiveness of methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist?

Vitamins containing folic acid (A) Signup and view all the answers