Causes of Neoplastic Growth Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the somatic mutation theory's explanation for the transformation to a neoplastic state?

  • Rapid tumor growth in children
  • Exposure to environmental irritants
  • Accumulation of mutations in the cell (correct)
  • Directly responsible oncogenic viruses
  • Which cancer-causing virus is directly mentioned as being responsible for tumor growth?

  • EBV
  • Epstein-Barr virus
  • HPV (correct)
  • C-type RNA viruses
  • Which symptom may lead to the delayed recognition of cancers in children?

  • Constipation
  • Headache (correct)
  • Bruising
  • Nosebleeds
  • In which organs do tumors most frequently occur in children according to the text?

    <p>Bone marrow, kidney, brain, abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cachexia often associated with in children with rapidly growing tumors?

    <p>Loss of weight and anorexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with Burkitt lymphoma according to the text?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a biopsy in the context of diagnosing cancer in children?

    <p>To confirm a diagnosis by analyzing tissue cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is tumor staging important in the treatment of cancer?

    <p>To establish an accurate prognosis and design an effective treatment program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is bone marrow aspiration mentioned in the text?

    <p>As a type of biopsy frequently used with children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What procedure is used to document a malignant tumor's extent and progress?

    <p>Tumor staging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be indicated if a child undergoes a radiography, ultrasound, and MRI?

    <p>Diagnostic procedures to confirm cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is thorough history taking important at health care visits for children?

    <p>To discover symptoms and enable early cancer detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of immune cells in a transplanted marrow during stem cell transplantation?

    <p>Help to kill remaining cancer cells in the child’s circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of transplant are stem cells donated by someone who is histocompatible with the child?

    <p>Allogeneic transplant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the new stem cells after they are transfused into the child intravenously?

    <p>They enter the bone marrow and begin to function after about 3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the period before the transplanted marrow begins to function, why must everyone coming in contact with the child follow specific infection control precautions?

    <p>To reduce the risk of infections due to the child's low immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be necessary to maintain functional blood components until the transplanted marrow starts functioning?

    <p>Transfusion of blood products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some localized effects of chemotherapy?

    <p>Skin reactions and maintaining good skin hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gloves should be worn when administering chemotherapeutic agents?

    <p>Sterile gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can nausea and vomiting be prevented during chemotherapy?

    <p>Administering an antiemetic at 4- to 8-hour intervals during the course of therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some categories of chemotherapeutic agents available?

    <p>Cytotoxic agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential side effects of cytotoxic agents?

    <p>Acute skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should chemotherapeutic agents that need mixing be prepared?

    <p>Under a specialized hood in the pharmacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should not be encouraged for children who are nauseated during chemotherapy?

    <p>Eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is an IV line for adequate fluid intake prescribed for a drug such as cyclophosphamide?

    <p>To prevent cystitis caused by reduced fluid intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication should parents be cautioned not to give to children receiving chemotherapy?

    <p>NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is frequently used for children with cancer?

    <p>Transplantation of stem cells from the bone marrow of a well person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can help maintain self-esteem for children and their parents during chemotherapy?

    <p>Frank discussion of symptoms and feelings about changes in body appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication may interfere with the effectiveness of methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist?

    <p>Vitamins containing folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

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