Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of asthma?
Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of asthma?
- Increased mucus secretion
- Chronic bronchial inflammation with basophils (correct)
- Bronchial smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperreactivity
- Intermittent, reversible airway obstruction
What is one possible explanation for the increased incidence of asthma in the Western world?
What is one possible explanation for the increased incidence of asthma in the Western world?
- Decreased exposure to nonpathogenic microorganisms
- Increased exposure to infectious organisms
- Decreased exposure to infectious organisms (correct)
- Increased exposure to nonpathogenic microorganisms
When do the structural changes in the bronchial wall associated with airway remodeling occur?
When do the structural changes in the bronchial wall associated with airway remodeling occur?
- Immediately after initiation of symptoms
- Several years before initiation of symptoms (correct)
- Simultaneously with the recruitment of eosinophils
- During repeated bouts of inflammation
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of asthma?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of asthma?
What is the main difference between bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What is the main difference between bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
When are asthma symptoms often worse?
When are asthma symptoms often worse?
How does asthma differ from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
How does asthma differ from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What is the primary characteristic of airway obstruction in asthma?
What is the primary characteristic of airway obstruction in asthma?
How does asthma typically progress as children grow?
How does asthma typically progress as children grow?
Which statement accurately reflects the global burden of bronchial asthma?
Which statement accurately reflects the global burden of bronchial asthma?
Where do more than 80% of asthma-related deaths occur?
Where do more than 80% of asthma-related deaths occur?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of asthma?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of asthma?
What is the primary characteristic of airway obstruction in asthma?
What is the primary characteristic of airway obstruction in asthma?
Which of the following is NOT a potent chemoattractant and activator of eosinophils in asthma?
Which of the following is NOT a potent chemoattractant and activator of eosinophils in asthma?
What is one of the main characteristics of asthma related to the airways?
What is one of the main characteristics of asthma related to the airways?
How does airflow obstruction in asthma typically respond to treatment?
How does airflow obstruction in asthma typically respond to treatment?
Which cell types and substances are involved in the bronchial inflammation seen in asthma?
Which cell types and substances are involved in the bronchial inflammation seen in asthma?
What is the effect of bronchial inflammation in asthma?
What is the effect of bronchial inflammation in asthma?
Which of the following is a hallmark of bronchial asthma?
Which of the following is a hallmark of bronchial asthma?
What is the proposed link between the 'hygiene hypothesis' and asthma prevalence in developed countries?
What is the proposed link between the 'hygiene hypothesis' and asthma prevalence in developed countries?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with bronchial asthma?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with bronchial asthma?
Which diagnostic test is commonly used to assess allergic sensitization in individuals with bronchial asthma?
Which diagnostic test is commonly used to assess allergic sensitization in individuals with bronchial asthma?
Which condition is often preceded by allergic rhinitis and eczema, forming the "atopic triad"?
Which condition is often preceded by allergic rhinitis and eczema, forming the "atopic triad"?
Which of the following triggers is NOT commonly associated with non-atopic asthma?
Which of the following triggers is NOT commonly associated with non-atopic asthma?
Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for bronchial asthma?
Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for bronchial asthma?
Which diagnostic test is usually negative in individuals with non-atopic asthma?
Which diagnostic test is usually negative in individuals with non-atopic asthma?
Which of the following medications can potentially induce non-atopic asthma?
Which of the following medications can potentially induce non-atopic asthma?
What role does a sensitive IgE atopic immune response play in the "Hygiene Hypothesis"?
What role does a sensitive IgE atopic immune response play in the "Hygiene Hypothesis"?
What is the potential consequence of a 'too clean' environment on the immune system?
What is the potential consequence of a 'too clean' environment on the immune system?
Why is the prevalence of asthma higher in developed countries compared to developing countries?
Why is the prevalence of asthma higher in developed countries compared to developing countries?
Which cells release cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 in atopic asthma?
Which cells release cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 in atopic asthma?
Which cells are activated by IL-5 in asthma?
Which cells are activated by IL-5 in asthma?
Which cells release granule contents and mediators in asthma?
Which cells release granule contents and mediators in asthma?
Which cytokines released by TH2 lymphocytes stimulate IgE production?
Which cytokines released by TH2 lymphocytes stimulate IgE production?
Which cytokine released by TH2 lymphocytes stimulates mucus production?
Which cytokine released by TH2 lymphocytes stimulates mucus production?
Which chemical mediators are involved in triggering the immediate phase reaction in asthma?
Which chemical mediators are involved in triggering the immediate phase reaction in asthma?
Which cells release mediators and granule contents in asthma?
Which cells release mediators and granule contents in asthma?
The early (immediate) phase reaction in asthma occurs within minutes of exposure to:
The early (immediate) phase reaction in asthma occurs within minutes of exposure to:
What role do reflex neural pathways play in bronchoconstriction during the early phase reaction?
What role do reflex neural pathways play in bronchoconstriction during the early phase reaction?
Which phase of the immune response occurs within minutes of antigen exposure in asthma?
Which phase of the immune response occurs within minutes of antigen exposure in asthma?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of the early (immediate) phase reaction in asthma?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of the early (immediate) phase reaction in asthma?
Which type of leucocytes are recruited to the site of reaction during the late phase reaction in asthma?
Which type of leucocytes are recruited to the site of reaction during the late phase reaction in asthma?
Which chemokine is a potent chemoattractant and activator of eosinophils in asthma?
Which chemokine is a potent chemoattractant and activator of eosinophils in asthma?
What are the primary cells recruited by chemokines in asthma?
What are the primary cells recruited by chemokines in asthma?
Which of the following is NOT the characteristic feature of airway remodelling in asthma?
Which of the following is NOT the characteristic feature of airway remodelling in asthma?
What do Charcot-Leyden crystals in the mucus of asthma patients consist of?
What do Charcot-Leyden crystals in the mucus of asthma patients consist of?
What is the effect of factors released from eosinophils during the late phase reaction in asthma?
What is the effect of factors released from eosinophils during the late phase reaction in asthma?
When does the remodeling of the airways in asthma become irreversible?
When does the remodeling of the airways in asthma become irreversible?
What is the consequence of the airway remodeling in asthma on the effectiveness of medications?
What is the consequence of the airway remodeling in asthma on the effectiveness of medications?
What is the primary composition of Charcot-Leyden Crystals found in asthma?
What is the primary composition of Charcot-Leyden Crystals found in asthma?
What is the consequence of Curschmann Spirals in asthma?
What is the consequence of Curschmann Spirals in asthma?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of bronchial asthma?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of bronchial asthma?
What is a key feature of the episodes in bronchial asthma?
What is a key feature of the episodes in bronchial asthma?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for considering a patient as suspected asthma?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for considering a patient as suspected asthma?
Which of the following is the gold standard measurement to assess responsiveness to bronchodilator treatment?
Which of the following is the gold standard measurement to assess responsiveness to bronchodilator treatment?
What percentage improvement in peak flow rate between pre and post treatment indicates responsiveness to bronchodilator treatment?
What percentage improvement in peak flow rate between pre and post treatment indicates responsiveness to bronchodilator treatment?
What is the primary trigger for acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma?
What is the primary trigger for acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma?
What is an acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma (AEBA) characterized by?
What is an acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma (AEBA) characterized by?
